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Association between early weight gain and later adiposity in Sri Lankan adolescents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 April 2020

D. Samaranayake Open the ORCID record for D. Samaranayake [Opens in a new window] ,
P. Lanerolle ,
I. Waidyatilaka ,
M. de Lanerolle-Dias ,
A. P. Hills ,
A. R. Wickremasinghe  and
V. P. Wickramasinghe
D. Samaranayake*
Affiliation:
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
P. Lanerolle
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
I. Waidyatilaka
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
M. de Lanerolle-Dias
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
A. P. Hills
Affiliation:
School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
A. R. Wickremasinghe
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
V. P. Wickramasinghe
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
*
Address for correspondence: Dulani Samaranayake, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25, Kynsey Rd, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka. Email: dulani@commed.cmb.ac.lk.
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Abstract

Early growth pattern is increasingly recognized as a determinant of later obesity. This study aimed to identify the association between weight gain in early life and anthropometry, adiposity, leptin, and fasting insulin levels in adolescence. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 366 school children aged 11–13 years. Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Fat mass (FM) was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Blood was drawn after a 12-h fast for insulin and leptin assay. Birth weight and weight at 6 months and at 18 months were extracted from Child Health Development Records. An increase in weight SD score (SDS) by ≥0.67 was defined as accelerated weight gain. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to predict anthropometry, adiposity, and metabolic outcomes using sex, pubertal status, accelerated weight gain as fixed factors; age, birth weight, and family income as fixed covariates, and school as a random factor. Children with accelerated weight gain between birth and 18 months had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) SDS, WC SDS, height SDS, %FM, fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), and serum leptin levels in adolescence. Accelerated weight gain between 6 and 18 months was associated with higher BMI SDS, WC SDS, %FM, and FMI, but not with height SDS or FFMI. Accelerated weight gain at 0–6 months, in children with low birth weight, was associated with higher height SDS, BMI SDS, WC SDS, %FM, and FMI; in children with normal birth weight, it was associated with BMI SDS, WC SDS, height SDS, and FFMI, but not with %FM or FMI. Effects of accelerated weight gain in early life on anthropometry and adiposity in adolescence varied in different growth windows. Accelerated weight gain during 6–18 months was associated with higher FM rather than linear growth. Effects of accelerated weight gain between 0 and 6 months varied with birth weight.

Keywords

Early accelerated growthbirth weightobesityadiposityadolescenceleptininsulin
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , April 2021 , pp. 250 - 259
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2020

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