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Perinatal and post-weaning exposure to a high-fat diet causes histomorphometric, neuroplastic, and histopathological changes in the rat ileum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2022

Gabriele S. Cordeiro Open the ORCID record for Gabriele S. Cordeiro [Opens in a new window] ,
Marcelo B. Góis ,
Lucimeire S. Santos ,
Djane A. Espírito-Santo ,
Rafael T. Silva ,
Márcia U. Pereira ,
Jean N. Santos ,
Maria E. P. Conceição-Machado ,
Tereza C. B. J. Deiró  and
Jairza M. Barreto-Medeiros
Gabriele S. Cordeiro*
Affiliation:
Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil
Marcelo B. Góis
Affiliation:
Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia; Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia and Graduate Program in Regional Development and Environment, Maria Milza College, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Lucimeire S. Santos
Affiliation:
Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil
Djane A. Espírito-Santo
Affiliation:
Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil
Rafael T. Silva
Affiliation:
Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil
Márcia U. Pereira
Affiliation:
Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil
Jean N. Santos
Affiliation:
Federal University of Bahia, School of Odontology, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Maria E. P. Conceição-Machado
Affiliation:
Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil
Tereza C. B. J. Deiró
Affiliation:
Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil
Jairza M. Barreto-Medeiros
Affiliation:
Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil
*
Address for correspondence: Gabriele dos Santos Cordeiro, Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil. Basílio da Gama Street - s/n - Campus Canela - Salvador - Bahia - Brazil, CEP - 40.110-907. Email: gabriele.cordeiro@ufba.br
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Abstract

Exposure to a diet with a high saturated fat content can influence the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, causing losses in the absorption of nutrients and favoring the appearance of diseases. The objective was to assess the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) in the perinatal (pregnancy and lactation) and post-weaning period on the histomorphometry, neuroplasticity, and histopathology of the ileum. Wistar rats were divided into four subgroups: Control/Control (CC, n = 10) rats fed a control diet (C) throughout the trial period; Control/HFD (CH, n = 9) rats fed diet C (perinatal) and HFD after weaning; HFD/Control (HC, n = 10) rats fed HFD (perinatal) and diet C (post-weaning); HFD/HFD (HH, n = 9) rats fed HFD throughout the experimental period. There was atrophy of the Ileum wall with a reduction in the muscular tunic, submucosa, and mucosa thickness in the HH group of 37%, 28%, and 46%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The depth of the crypts decreased by 29% (p < 0.0001) and height increased by 5% (p < 0.0013). Villus height decreased by 41% and 18% in HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001) and width decreased by 11% in the HH (p < 0.0001). The height of the enterocytes decreased by 18% in the HH (p < 0.0001). There was a decrease in the area of the myenteric and submucosal plexus ganglia in the HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001). The number, occupation, and granules of Paneth cells increased in the HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001). Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) increased in all groups exposed to the HFD. Goblet cells decreased in groups CH and HH (p < 0.0001). The evidence from this study suggests that the HFD had altered the histomorphometry, neuroplasticity, and histopathology of the ileum of the rats.

Keywords

High-fat dietpregnancylactationintestinal histomorphometryintestinal histology
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , April 2023 , pp. 231 - 241
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

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