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European Approaches of the Bulgarian Church: the Case of the Lambeth Conference in London, 1930
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 November 2022
Abstract
This article examines the role of the networks and protagonists involved in securing the Bulgarian Church's participation in the seventh Lambeth Conference in London (1930) in their attempt to end the schism between the Bulgarian Church and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople dating from 1872, and to secure a new place for the Bulgarians in the wider ecclesial and political landscape. New evidence, contained in unpublished documents in the Lambeth Palace Archives in London, enables a better understanding of the various connections at work behind the scene, including how the Church of England perceived and responded to complex issues within their own ecumenical strategy and the wider context of British foreign policy.
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- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2022
Footnotes
This is a revised version of a paper delivered at the 11th Congress of South-East European Studies in Sofia (31 August–4 September 2015). I would like to express my deep thanks to Lambeth Palace Library, in particular the Librarian and Archivist Giles Mandelbrote and the former Archivist Clare Brown, for their kind permission and help in consulting the LPL Archives and photographing documents cited in this study. My profound thanks are offered to the anonymous reviewers and to Professor Andrew Chandler (University of Chichester) for his invaluable advice and help in the final version of the article.
References
1 See in general Dimitrov, Zhelev, ‘Bulgarian Christianity’, in Parry, K. (ed.), The Blackwell companion to Eastern Christianity, Malden, Ma–Oxford–Chichester 2010, 47–72Google Scholar.
2 S. Eldarov, Католиците в България (1878–1989) [The Catholics in Bulgaria (1878–1989)], Sofia 2002, 114–17.
3 Z. Lefterov, ‘Англиканската църква, източното православие и България (xix–средата на xx в.)’, Част първа [‘The Anglican Church, Eastern Orthodoxy and Bulgaria (xix–mid-xx c.)’ First part], Historical Review v–vi (2014), 142–5.
4 See G. Konidares, Ἡ ἄρσις τοῦ Βουλγαρικοῦ Σχίσματος ἐν τῷ πλαισίῳ τῆς Καθολικῆς Ὀρθοδοξίας τοῦ Ἑλληνισμοῦ [The lifting of the Bulgarian schism in the context of the universal Orthodoxy of Hellenism], Athens 1971.
5 See R. C. D. Jasper, Arthur Cayley Headlam: life and letters of a bishop, London‒New York 1960, 222–5. More important is B. Geffert, Eastern Orthodox and Anglicans: diplomacy, theology and the politics of interwar ecumenism, South Bend, In 2010, esp. pp. 184–200.
6 LPL, LC, 153, fos 393–425, 426–38.
7 Ibid. fo. 426. For a photograph of the archbishop of Canterbury with the Orthodox Delegation and its attendant Anglican chaplains at Lambeth Palace, taken on 8 July 1930, see <http://anglicanhistory.org/orthodoxy/del_1930.html>, accessed 4 Nov. 2021.
8 See below.
9 See Konidares, Ἡ ἄρσις τοῦ Βουλγαρικοῦ Σχίσματος, 59–86; M. Litina, ‘Опити за вдигане на българската схизма (1932–1935 г.)’, Трети конгрес по българистика, 23–26 май 2013 г., Софийският университет "Св. Климент Охридски" [‘Attempts to lift the Bulgarian schism (1932–1935)’, Third International Congress of Bulgarian Studies, 23–26 May 2013, University of Sofia «St Kliment Ohridski»], Sofia 2014, 271–81.
10 Πρακτικὰ τῆς Προκαταρκτικῆς Ἐπιτροπῆς τῶν Ἁγίων Ὀρθοδόξων Ἐκκλησιῶν τῆς συνελθούσης ἐν τῇ ἐν Ἁγίῳ Ὅρει Ἱερᾷ Μεγίστῃ Μονῇ Βατοπεδίου (8–23 Ἰουνίου 1930) [Acts of the preliminary committee of the Holy Orthodox Churches held in the Grand Monastery of Vatopedi on the Holy Mountain (8–23 June 1930)], Constantinople 1930, 144.
11 Ibid. 71–2.
12 Ibid. 131–3.
13 Ibid. 133–4.
14 See LPL, LC, 153, fos 70–1, 72–4.
15 See G. C. Watson, ‘Haigh, Mervyn George (1887–1962)’, ODNB.
16 See Every, E., ‘Canon John Albert Douglas, RIP’, Sobornost 3rd ser. xxi (1957), 496–8Google Scholar.
17 On Germanos see V. T. Istavridis, ‘The work of Germanos Strenopoulos in the field of inter-Orthodox and inter-Christian relations’, Ecumenical Review xi/3 (1951), 291–9.
18 John Douglas to Germanos Strenopoulos, 21 May 1930, LPL, LC, 153, fo. 334.
19 Mervyn Haigh to Douglas, 29 May 1930, ibid. fo. 124.
20 See M. Grimley, ‘Inge, William Ralph (1860–1954)’, ODNB.
21 Douglas to William Wigram, 30 May 1930, LPL, LC, 153, fo. 515.
22 Douglas to Haigh, 5 June 1930, ibid. fos 161–4 at fo. 163.
23 Ibid. fo. 160.
24 See C. E. A. Bedwell (rev. C. Pease-Watkin), ‘Boyle, Sir Edward, first baronet (1848–1909)’, ODNB.
25 LPL, LC, 153, fo. 160.
26 Douglas to Haigh, 27 June 1930, ibid. fo. 165.
27 Haigh to Douglas, 27 June 1930, ibid. fo. 166.
28 Douglas to Haigh, 28 June 1930, ibid. fos 167–70.
29 Ibid. fos 168–9.
30 Oecumenical Patriarchate's answer to archbishop of Canterbury, 26 June 1930, ibid. fos 335–7.
31 Edward Boyle to Haigh, 30 June 1930, ibid. fos 174–5.
32 Ibid. fo. 174.
33 Telegram, ibid. fo. 175.
34 Konidares, Ἡ ἄρσις τοῦ Βουλγαρικοῦ Σχίσματος, 64 n. 4.
35 Haigh to John Greig, bishop of Guildford, 30 June 1930, LPL, LC, 153, fos 171–3.
36 Boyle to Haigh, 1 July 1930, ibid. fos 176–7.
37 Haigh to Boyle, 2 July 1930, ibid. fo. 178.
38 Ibid. fo. 172.
39 Douglas to Bishop Paisios, 7 July 1930, ibid. fo. 516.
40 Anon., ‘Дописки: Православни и англикани на Ламбетската конференция’ [‘Notes: Orthodox and Anglicans in the Lambeth Conference’], Tsarkoven Vestnik xxxi/31 (19 July 1930), 345–6.
41 Anon., ‘Из печата: Патриарх Мелетий за схизмата’ [‘In press: Patriarch Meletios on the schism’], Tsarkoven Vestnik xxxi/31 (2 Aug. 1930), 359–60.
42 Ibid.
43 Cutting from The Times, 17 July 1930, LPL, LC, 153, fo. 297.
44 John Douglas papers, LPL, A.1, fos 111–12.
45 Konidares, Ἡ ἄρσις τοῦ Βουλγαρικοῦ Σχίσματος, 62–3.
46 Ibid. 114–32; Zhelev Dimitrov, ‘Bulgarian Christianity’, 63–5.