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Melanchthon, Theologian of Ecumenism1
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 March 2011
Extract
On 22 February 1546 Martin Luther's body was laid to rest in the church at Wittenberg. Fourteen years and two months later Philip Melanchthon was interred at his side. In the funeral oration at the bier of Luther, Melanchthon included a prayer. It reads (in John Bale's translation, printed already in 1546):
‘We thanke the omnipotent God, the eternal father of our lorde Jesus Christ, the onlye founder of thy true churche, togeyther with thy sonne vnto the coeternal, our lorde Jesus Christ, and the holye ghostye, wyse, good, mercyfull, rythouse, true, myghtye, and most liberall, that thu gatheryst vnto that sonne of thyne the promised herytage out of mankynde, and vpholdest the true mynysterye of thy Gospell, specyallye now that thu hast restored yt vnto vs by thy faythfull seruauvt Luther. The we most hartelye desyre, that from hens fourth thu wystaue to preserue and gouerne that true congregacyon of thyne, and that thu firmelye plante in vs the most sure doctyrne, lyke as Esaias desyered vnto hys dyscyples, and lighten our myndes with thy most holye sprete, that we maye both ryghtlye call vpon the, and also leade a godlye conuersacyon. Amen’.
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page 185 note 2 An oracyon or proresse rehearced off Philipp Melanchton at the bury all of the Reuerende man, Docteur Martyne Luther, Translated by John Bale (s.l.s.n.), Sigs. Ciiij. B.M. press-mark 3906.aa.29., Marburg, 1546. Not listed in Pollard, A. W. and Redgrave, G. R., A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland & Ireland and of English Books Printed Abroad, 1475–1640, London 1926Google Scholar, cited as S.T.C.
The Latin oration is in Corpus Reformatorum: Philippi Melanthonis opera, quae supersunt omnia, ed. by C. G. Bretschneider and H. E. Bindseil, Halle 1834–60, xi. 726–34. Hereafter cited as C.R. with volume and column.
The German translation by Caspar Cruciger has been reprinted recently in Stupperich, Robert, Der unbekannte Melanchthon: Wirken und Denken des Praeceptor Germaniae in neuer Sicht, Stuttgart 1962, 220–36.Google Scholar
page 185 note 3 Quoted by Manschreck, Clyde L., Melanchton: The Quiet Reformer, New York & Nashville: 1958, 318Google Scholar, with reference to Müller, Nicholaus, Philipp Melanchthons letzte Lebenstage, Heimgang und Bestaltung, Leipzig 1910.Google Scholar
page 186 note 1 So Nicholas Lesse in his dedicatory epistle to Prince Edward, Duke of Somerset, The ivstification of man by faith only: written by Phylyp Melancthon and Translated out of the Latyn in to this owe mother tounge by Nicholas Lesse of London, London 1541, Sig. Av2r. B.M. press-mark 700.b.40. S.T.C. no. 17792.
For an historical résumé of judgements about Melanchthon see Manschreck, Melanchthon, 13–18.
page 186 note 2 The most recent and complete bibliography on Melanchthon is Fraenkel's, Peter ‘Fünfzehn Jahre Melanchthonforschung: Versuch eines Literaturberichtes’, Bibliotheque d'Humanisme et Renaissance, Geneva 1960, xxii, 582–624Google Scholar. It has also appeared in Philipp Melanchthon—Forschungsbeitrage zur Wiederkehr seines Todestages, Göttingen, Berlin 1961, 11–55Google Scholar. The author kindly supplied me with a Sonderdruck of this essay.
page 186 note 3 Neuser, Wilhelm H., Luther und Melanchthon: Einheit und Gegensatz (New Series, no. 91, Theologische Existenz Heute, ed. Steck, K. G. and Eichholz, G.; Munich 1961, 40).Google Scholar
Hildebrandt, Franz, ‘Prelude: The Friendship between Luther and Melanchthon’, Melanchton: Alien or Ally?, Cambridge 1946, xv-xxvii.Google Scholar
page 186 note 4 Melanchthons Werke in Auswahl (Studienausgabe), ed. Stupperich, Robert, Gütersloh 1951–65, ii/i, 1–163Google Scholar; C.R., xxi, 81–228. Ed. Stupperich is cited as Werke, StA.
The Loci Communes of Philip Melanchthon, trans. Hill, Charles L., Boston 1944Google Scholar. Cited as Hill, 1521 Loci.
Die Loci Communes Philipp Melanchthons in ihrer Urgestalt, ed. Plitt, G. L. and Kolde, Th. (2nd ed.Erlangen & Leipzig 1890Google Scholar; a fourth edition was published in 1925).
page 186 note 5 ‘Loci praecipui theologici,’ Werke, StA, ii/i, 164–352; ibid., ii/2, 353–780.
The secunda aetas appeared in 1535, C.R., xxi, 253–560; the tertia aetas, in 1543, C.R., xxi, 601–1106; the quarta aetas in 1555. Each edition was reprinted during Melanchthon's lifetime with variations. There are differences of opinion on the dating of the editions, but the above seems to embody the best thinking of the authorities on this subject.
Melanchthon on Christian Doctrine: Loci Communes, 1555, trans, and ed. Manschreck, Clyde L., in ‘A Library of Protestant Thought’, New York 1965.Google Scholar
page 186 note 6 The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed. Cross, F. L., London 1957, 695, 699. Cited as O.D.C.C.Google Scholar
The first edition of the Institutes appeared in 1536. The most recent and ably edited English translation is Calvin: Institutes of Christian Religion, ed. McNeill, John T., trans. Battles, Ford Lewis, xx and xxi of ‘The Library of Christian Classics’, London 1961.Google Scholar
page 186 note 7 O.D.C.C., 227; Lang, A., Die Loci Theologici des Melchior Cano und die Methode des dogmatischen Beweises: Ein Beitrag zur theologischen Methodologie und ihrer Geschichte, Heft 6 of Münchener Studien zur Historischen Theologie, Münich 1925, 63, 64.Google Scholar
page 187 note 1 Patrick Hamilton, Dyvers frutful gatherings of scrypture concernyng fayth and works (s.l.s.n. London 1532?; translated by John Frith). B.M. press-mark C111.aa.26; S.T.C., no. 12732.
page 187 note 2 Die Bekenntnisschriften der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche, ed. Lietzmann, Hans, Bornkamm, Heinrich, Volz, Hans and Wolf, Ernst, 2nd rev. ed.; Göttingen 1952Google Scholar, is the critical edition of the Lutheran Confessions.
The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, trans, and ed. Tappert, Theodore G., Philadelphia 1959Google Scholar, is the best English translation of these Confessions. My quotations are from this translation.
page 187 note 3 ‘Confessio Doctrinae Saxonicarum Ecclesiarum scripta Anno Domini MDLI, ut Tridentinae exhiberetur’, Werke, StA, vi. 80–167.
page 187 note 4 Peter E. Barton in the preface of the volume on ‘Frühe exegetische Schriften’, in Werke, StA, iv. 9.
page 187 note 5 Fraenkel, Peter, Testimonia Patrum: the Function of the Patristic Argument in the Theology of Philip Melanchthon, Geneva 1961.Google Scholar
page 187 note 6 See ibid., 52–100; Maurer, Wilhelm, ‘Melanchthon als Humanist,’ Melanchthon-Studien, in Schriften des Vereins für Reformationsgeschichte, Jahrgang 70, no. 181, Gütersloh 1964, 30, 31.Google Scholar
page 187 note 7 Hartfelder, Karl, Philipp Melanchthon als Praeceptor Germaniae, vol. vii of Monumenta Germaniae Pedagogica, ed. Kehrbach, Karl, Berlin 1889Google Scholar; Stupperich, Rogert, Der unbekannte Melanchton: Wirken und Denken des Praeceptor Germaniae in neuer Sicht, Stuttgart 1961Google Scholar; Stern, Leo, Philipp Melanchthon: Humanist, Reformer, Praeceptor Germaniae, Halle 1960.Google Scholar
page 187 note 8 Harwick, G. F., ‘The Lutheran Press at Wittenberg’, Transactions of the (London) Bibliographical Society, iii (Jan. 1895–June 1986), 14.Google Scholar
page 188 note 1 von Pastor, Lugwig, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages, ed. Kerr, Ralph, London 1910, xGoogle Scholar, 141, 165, and ibid., xi, 426.
page 188 note 2 Stupperich, Robert, Der Humanismus und die Wiedervereinigung der Konfessionen, in Schriften des Vereins für Reformationsgeschichte, Jahrgang 53, Heft 2, No. 160, Leipzig 1936, 30–2.Google Scholar
page 188 note 3 Kantzenbach, F. W., Das Ringen um die Einheit der Kirche im Jahrhundert der Reformation: Vertreter, Quellen und Motive des ökumenischen Gedankens von Erasmus von Rotterdam bis Georg Calixt, Stuttgart 1957, 93–118.Google Scholar
page 188 note 4 McNeill, John T., Unitive Protestantism, Richmond, Va. London 1964Google Scholar, see index. Oekumenische Profile, ed. Gloede, Guenter, Stuttgart 1963Google Scholar, has a chapter by the editor on Melanchthon, which I have not seen. I owe this reference to Prof. Dr. Kantzenbach.
page 189 note 1 ‘Epistola de Lipsica disputatione, 1519’, Werke, StA, i. 7, 18 and 19.
The letter was translated by Hill, Charles L., Melanchthon: Selected Writings, Minneapolis 1962, 20–8.Google Scholar
Since the translations from Melanchthon are my own, unless noted specifically otherwise, I shall refer to Selected Writings only the first time a tract translated by Hill is referred to.
C.R., i. 87–96, no. 43, for the entire tract. I shall usually give both references to a particular writing which appears both in C.R. and Werke, StA. In the case of the reference to C.R. the line numbers in a column will not be given.
page 189 note 2 Werke, StA, i. 7, 23–7; C.R., i. 92, 93.
page 189 note 3 Werke, StA, i. 7, 31 to 8, 25; C.R., i. 93; see also Werke, StA, i. 19, 23–7; see 17, 22 to 20, 23; C.R., i. 115; C.R., i. 113–16.
page 189 note 4 ‘Defensio Phil. Melanchthonis contra Joh. Eckium’, Werke, StA, i. 18, 37 to 19, 2. See C.R., i. 97–103, no. 44, for Eck's ‘Exusatio’; Melanchthon's ‘Defensio’ is also in C.R., i. 108–18, no. 48.
page 189 note 5 Jn. xxi. 15–17.
page 189 note 6 Jn. xx. 22, 23: ‘Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained’. (RSV).
page 189 note 7 Werke, StA, i. 8, 26–32; C.R., i. 94; Selected Writings, 25.
page 189 note 8 ‘Adversus furiosum Parrisiensium Theologastorum decretum Philippe Melanchthonis pro Luthero apologia, 1521’, Werke, StA, i. 155, 8–16; C.R., i. 410, no. 117.
page 190 note 1 ‘Declamatiuncula in Divi Pauli doctrinam. Epistola ad Johannem Hessum Theologum, 1520’, Werke, StA, i. 44, 17–20; C.R., i. 138, no. 62; Selected Writings, 48.
page 190 note 2 See reference above, 186 n. 4.
page 190 note 3 Oyer, John S., ‘Melancthon and the Anabaptists’, Lutheran Reformers against Anabaptists: Luther, Melanchthon and Menius and the Anabaptists of Central Germany, The Hague 1964, 140–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 190 note 4 Werke, StA, i. 283, 10–23; C.R., i. 963.
page 190 note 5 ‘Verlegung etlicher unchristlicher Artikel, welche die Widerteuffer fürgeben, 1536’, Werke, StA, i. 318, 7 and 8; see pp. 315–22. Not in C.R.
page 190 note 6 ‘Articuli XV Marpurgenses’, C.R., xxvi. 124, 125.
page 191 note 1 Bucer, Martin, ‘Vergleichung D. Luthers und seins Gegentheyls, 1528’, Martin Bucers Deutsche Schriften, ed. Stupperich, Robert, Gütersloh 1962, ii. 295–383.Google Scholar
page 191 note 2 C.R., xxvi. 126–8.
page 191 note 3 Dedicatory letter to Alexander Drachstad of the ‘Scholia in Epistulam Pauli ad Colossenses, 1527’, Werke, StA, iv. 210, 10–20; C.R., i. 873, 974, no. 448.
page 191 note 4 Werke, StA. iv. 294, 8–16.
page 191 note 5 Werke, StA, i. 297, 19 and 20; C.R., i. 1048; letter to Oecolampadius in 1529.
page 191 note 6 Werke, StA, iv, 294, 8 and 9.
page 192 note 1 Melanchthon to Lazarus Spengler, October 1527, C.R., i. 901, no. 475; Werke. StA, i. 297, 27–9.
page 192 note 2 Letter to Oecolampadius in 1529, Werke, StA, i. 298, 28–30.
page 192 note 3 ‘Adversus anabaptistas iudicium, 1528’, Werke, StA, i. 281, 26–9; C.R., i. 962.
page 192 note 4 ‘Verlegung etlicher unchristlicher Artikel, … 1536’, Werke, StA, i. 11–14. Not in C.R.
page 192 note 5 Preface of Augsburg Confession, par. 23, Book of Concord, 27. The abbreviation is used for the Augsburg Confession.
page 193 note 1 Manschreck, Melanchthon, 188–92.
page 193 note 2 Preface of A.C., par. 2 and 3, Book of Concord, 24, 25.
page 193 note 3 Manschreck, Melanchthon, 178–80.
page 193 note 4 See his repeated insistence of agreement with Scripture and the Fathers, Apology, art. ii, par. 32 (cf. art. ii, par. 42, 105); Apology, art. ii, par. 50, ibid., 106; Apology, art. iv, par. 323, ibid., 157; Apology, art. xii, par. 73, ibid., 192; Apology, art. xxi, par. 33, ibid., 233; Apology, art. iv, par. 29, ibid., in; Apology, art. iv, par. 102, 103, ibid., 121; Apology, art. iv, par. 166, ibid., 130; Apology, art. xxiv, par. 67, ibid., 261; Apology, art. xxiv, par. 96, ibid., 267.
page 193 note 5 Preface of A.C., par. 10 and 11, ibid., 25.
page 193 note 6 Preface of A.C., par. 13, ibid., 26.
page 193 note 7 A.C., art. iii, par. 4, ibid., 30.
page 193 note 10 A.C., art. vii, ibid., 32: ‘It is also taught among us that only holy Christian church will be and remain forever’ (from the German), or, ‘Our churches also teach that one holy church is to continue forever’ (from the Latin).
page 193 note 11 A.C., art. vii, par. 2, ibid., 32.
page 194 note 1 ‘Articuli Torgavienses’, C.R., xxvi, 171–99. See col. 173 for the quotation.
page 194 note 2 A.C., art. xv, par. I, Book of Concord, 36.
page 194 note 3 See the references, 193 n. 4.
page 194 note 4 A.C., 47, 48 (summary), par. 1 (from the German). Ibid., from the Latin reads: ‘As can be seen, there is nothing here that departs from the Scripture or the catholic church …’ See also ibid., 95, conclusion, par. 5.
Rietschel, Ernst, ‘Anhang: die Kirche bei Melanchthon’, Das Problem der unsichtbarensichtbaren Kirche bei Luther: Darstellung und Lösungsversuch, in Schriften des Vereins fur Reformationsgeshchichte, Jahrgang 50, Heft 2, No. 154, Leipzig 1932, 98Google Scholar, 99, shows how art, vii has been interpreted variously.
page 194 note 5 Tappert in the editorial introduction to the Apology of A.C., Book of Concord, 97, 98.
page 194 note 6 Manschreck, Melanchthon, 210–14.
page 194 note 8 Apology, art. iv, par. 389, ibid., 166.
page 194 note 10 Apology, art. xxvii, par. 13, ibid., 271.
page 195 note 1 Apology, art. vii and viii, par. 7, 8, ibid., 169.
page 195 note 2 Apology, art. vii and viii, par. 14, ibid., 170.
page 195 note 4 Apology, art. vii and viii, par. 16, 18, ibid., 171.
page 195 note 5 Werke, StA, v. 25–9.
page 195 note 6 Ibid., v. 28, 21 and 22.
page 195 note 7 Ibid., v. 371, 14–19.
page 196 note 1 D. Erasmi Roterdami Liber De sarcienda concordia deque sedandis opinionum dissidiis, cum aliis nonnulis lectu dignis, Antwerp 1533. B.M. press-mark 696.a.24(2). Sig. A2V has as the heading of the text D. Erasmi Roterdami De Amabili Ecclesiae concordia Liber.
Erasmus, , Opera Omnia, ed. LeClerc, J., Leyden 1704, v. 469–506.Google Scholar
page 196 note 2 Allen, P. S., ‘Erasmus on Church Unity’, Erasmus: Lectures and Wayfaring Sketches, Oxford 1934, 81–98Google Scholar, translates part of this tract (cf. above n. 1). See especially p. 90.
page 196 note 3 Letter to Cardinal Albert, 1532, Werke, StA, v. 26, 18–20.
page 196 note 4 Rome, 19 June 1537, C.R., iii. 379–83, no. 1587.
Douglas, Richard M., Jacopo Sadoleto, 1477–1547: Humanist and Reformer, Cambridge, Mass. 1959, 117–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 196 note 5 I have used the 1538 edition of the Loci since the first edition of 1535 was not immediately available to me. Loci communes theologici recens collecti et recogniti a Philippo Melanthone, Wittenberg 1538. B.M. press-mark 3908.b.21.
The letter is calendared twice in the Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, in the Reign of Henry VIII, by Brewer, J. S., Gairdner, James et al. London 1885 ff, cited as L. and P.Google Scholar
L. and P., ix. 223, p. 74; L. and P., ix. 1068, p. 368; C.R., ii. 921–30, no. 1311; C.R., xxi. 333. The letter was somewhat altered for the 1536 printing.
page 196 note 6 Hildebrandt, p. xviii, with reference to WA. Ti, 4, 4699 (Tischreden of the Weimar Ausgabe of Luther's Works).
page 196 note 7 Dedicatory letter to Henry VIII, 1538 Loci, Sig. A4v.
page 196 note 8 Ibid., Sig. A4r.
page 196 note 9 Ibid., Sig. BIr.
page 197 note 1 1538 Loci, Sigs. A3v-A4r.
page 197 note 2 Jenkyns, Henry, Remains of Thomas Cranmer, Oxford 1833, i. 329–31Google Scholar, ep. cclxxiii; ibid., i. 331–5, ep. cclxxiii; ibid., i. 344, 345, ep. cclxxxiii; ibid., 346, 347, ep. cclxxxiv; ibid., i. 348, 349, ep. cclxxxv.
page 197 note 3 1538 Loci, Sig. B.
page 197 note 4 Melanchthon to Cranmer, August 1535, L. and P., ix. 225, 74; G.R., ii, 930, no. 1312.
page 197 note 5 Letter of 10 March 1536, C.R., iii, 45, no. 1406.
page 197 note 6 1538 Loci, 244, 246.
page 197 note 7 Ibid., 307–13.
page 197 note 8 Ibid., 307. Rietschel (op. cit. 104, 105) asserts that the 1535 Loci already show a tendency to emphasise the ‘visible church’ aspect of Melanchthon's teachings, although Melanchthon does not use the term there.
page 197 note 9 Tjernagel, Neelak S., Henry VIII and the Lutherans, St. Louis 1965, 160–9Google Scholar; see 255–286, Appendix I, for the Wittenberg Articles.
page 197 note 10 Ibid., 162, 163.
page 197 note 11 Hardwick, Charles, A History of the Articles of Religion, 3rd ed. revised by Francis Procter, London 1876, 237–58Google Scholar; see title page (237) for the quotation.
page 198 note 1 ‘Concordia inter Doctores Wittenbergenses et Doctores civitatum Imperii in Germania superiori. De praesentia corporis et sanguinis Christi in Coena Dominica. Scripta iussu et rogatu utriusque partis a Philipp. Melanth. Anno Christi 1536’, C.R., iii. 75, no. 1429.
page 198 note 2 Ibid., Art. i.
page 198 note 3 Ibid., Art. ii.
page 198 note 4 Formula of Concord, Solid Declaration, Art. vii. Book of Concord, 571, par. 13, 14.
page 198 note 5 Manschreck, Melanchthon, 238.
page 198 note 6 Book of Concord, 319–55.
page 198 note 7 Ibid., 297.
page 198 note 8 Ibid., 316.
page 198 note 9 Ibid., 319.
page 198 note 10 Ibid., 322, par. 16.
page 198 note 11 Ibid., 324, par. 25.
page 199 note 1 Book of Concord, 327, par. 39.
page 199 note 2 Ibid., 331, par. 67.
page 199 note 3 ‘De ecclesia et de autoritate verbi Dei, 1539’, Werke, StA, i. 323–86; C.R., xxiii. 595–642; Selected Writings, 131–86.
page 199 note 4 Melanchthon to Vitus Theodoras, 6 February 1536, L. and P., x. 266, p. 98; C.R., iii, 37, no. 1397. Melanchthon to Camerarius, n February 1536, L. and P., x, 290, p. 108; C.R., iii, 40, 41, no. 1401.
page 199 note 5 Melanchthon to Nicholas Heath, archdeacon of Canterbury, 1 April 1539, C.R., iii. 679–81, no. 1791; L. and P., xiv, i. 677, p. 334.
page 199 note 6 On 8 June 1540, C.R., iii. 924, no. 1915; Werke, StA, i. 323. Tavard, George H., Holy Writ or Holy Church: The Crisis of the Protestant Reformation, London 1959, 91Google Scholar, finds Melanchthon's identification of the true Church ‘ambiguous’.
page 199 note 7 Werke, StA, i. 324, 30 and 31; C.R., iii. 723.
page 199 note 8 Werke, StA, i. 325, 37 and 38; C.R., iii. 724.
page 200 note 1 Werke, StA, i. 326, 24–35; C.R., xxiii, 595.
page 200 note 2 Werke, StA, i. 327, 5–15; C.R., xxiii, 595, 596.
page 200 note 3 Martin Luther, Von den Conciliis und Kirchen, Wittenberg 1539; B.M. press-mark 698.e.22(i).
page 200 note 4 Werke, StA, i. 328, 2–7; C.R., xxiii, 597.
Tavard (op. cit., 92–5) argues that Melanchthon made the church ‘a creature of “his Gospel”’.
page 200 note 5 Werke, StA, i. 328, 8 to 331, 26; C.R., xxiii, 597–9.
page 200 note 6 Werke, StA, i. 336, 3–7; C.R., xxiii, 603.
page 200 note 7 Werke, StA, i. 384, 23–6; C.R., xxiii, 640.
page 201 note 1 Werke, StA, i. 384, 37 to 386; C.R., xxiii, 640, 641.
page 201 note 2 ‘Bedenken …’, C.R., iii. 1151–4, no. 2052. Col. 1153: ‘So sey nicht Fried mit Unterdruckung der Wahrheit zu machen’.
page 201 note 3 ‘Colloquiam theologicum Wormatiae habitum inter Ioannem Eckium et Philippum Melanthonem’, 14–18 January 1541, C.R., iv. 37.
page 201 note 4 ‘Liber Ratisbonensis’, C.R., iv. 190–238, no. 2207.
page 201 note 5 Wolfgang of Anhalt to John Frederick of Saxony, Ratisbon, 5 May 1541, C.R., iv. 254, no. 2212.
page 202 note 1 ‘Articuli Protestantum Caesari traditi’, 31 May 1541, C.R., iv. 348–76, no. 2254.
page 202 note 2 Ibid., col. 349–52.
Tavard (op. cit., 184–91) has a good summary of the Regensburg Colloquy and of Melanchthon's role there.
page 202 note 3 ‘Philippi Melanthonis Relatio …’ The quotation is from C.R., iv. 431.
page 202 note 4 O.D.G.C., 629, and references given there.
page 202 note 5 ‘Reformatio Wittebergensis’, 14 January 1545, C.R., v. 578–643, nos. 3114, 3115.
page 203 note 1 ‘Supplicatio ad Caeserum’, C.R., v. 648–53, no. 3117.
page 203 note 2 On 28 April 1548, C.R., vi. 879–85, no. 4217.
page 203 note 3 Formula of Concord, Solid Declaration, Art. x, Book of Concord, 610–16.
page 204 note 1 Meyer, Carl S., Elizabeth I and the Religious Settlement of 1559, St. Louis 1960, 6, 7.Google Scholar
page 204 note 2 ‘Confessio Doctrinae Saxonicarum Ecclesiarum scripta Anno Domini MDLI, ut Synodo Tridentinae exhiberetur’, Werke, StA, vi. 80–167; C.R., xxviii, 369–457.
page 204 note 3 Werke, StA, vi. 89, 22–9; C.R., xxviii, 376.
page 204 note 4 See, e.g. Werke, StA, vi. 119, 24; ibid., vi. 269, 14; C.R., xiii. 793; C.R., xxiii. 497, 498; C.R., xxiv. 71.
page 204 note 5 Werke, StA, vi. 90, 7–14; C.R., xxviii. 377.
page 204 note 6 Werke, StA, vi. 121, 16–20; C.R., xxviii. 409.
page 204 note 7 Werke, StA, vi. 123, 18–27; C.R., xxviii. 411, 412.
page 205 note 1 A.C., Art. v, Book of Concord, 31.
page 205 note 3 Werke, StA, vi. 123, 33 and 34; C.R., xxviii, 412.
page 205 note 4 See the quotation from A briefs and necessari catechisms, Sig. A3, in Collinson, Patrick, A Mirrow of Elizabethan Puritanism: The Life and Letters of ‘Godly Master Dering’, London 1964, 10, 11.Google Scholar
page 205 note 5 Melanchthon on Christian Doctrine, 257–65 (1555 Loci); Werke, ii/2, 474–87 (1559 Loci).
page 205 note 6 Melanchthon on Christian Doctrine, 255.
page 205 note 7 Werke, StA, vi. 164, 27–33; C.R., xxviii, 455.
page 205 note 8 As translated by Manschreck from the 1555 Loci, Melanchthon on Christian Doctrine, 257.
page 205 note 9 Werke, StA, vi. 167, 4–8; C.R., xxviii, 457.
page 205 note 10 ‘Responsio ad articulos Bavaricae inquisitionis’, Werke, StA, vi. 26–30; C.R., ix. 906.
page 206 note 1 ‘Postilla Melanchthoniana in die nativitatis Christi, Ev. Ion. I,’ C.R., xxiv. 71–83.
page 206 note 2 Ibid., col. 71.
page 206 note 3 Ibid., col. 74.
page 206 note 4 Ibid., col. 73.
page 207 note 1 C.R., xxiv. col. 76.
page 207 note 2 Ibid., col. 79.
page 207 note 3 Ibid., col. 80.
page 207 note 4 Ibid., col. 81.
page 207 note 5 Ibid., col. 83.