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Climate change effects on terrestrial parasitic nematodes: Where are the knowledge gaps?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2023

T.M. Moerman Open the ORCID record for T.M. Moerman [Opens in a new window] ,
S.D. Albon ,
S.J. Coulson  and
L.E. Loe
T.M. Moerman*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway The University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
S.D. Albon
Affiliation:
The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland
S.J. Coulson
Affiliation:
The University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
L.E. Loe
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
*
Corresponding author: T.M. Moerman; Email: tirza.moerman@nmbu.no
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Abstract

Climate change is expected to affect parasitic nematodes and hence possibly parasite–host dynamics and may have far-reaching consequences for animal health, livestock production, and ecosystem functioning. However, there has been no recent overview of current knowledge to identify how studies could contribute to a better understanding of terrestrial parasitic nematodes under changing climates. Here we screened almost 1,400 papers to review 57 experimental studies on the effects of temperature and moisture on hatching, development, survival, and behaviour of the free-living stages of terrestrial parasitic nematodes with a direct life cycle in birds and terrestrial mammals. Two major knowledge gaps are apparent. First, research should study the temperature dependency curves for hatching, development, and survival under various moisture treatments to test the interactive effect of temperature and moisture. Second, we specifically advocate for more studies that investigate how temperature, and its interaction with moisture, affect both vertical and horizontal movement of parasitic nematodes to understand infection risks. Overall, we advocate for more field experiments that test environmental effects on life-history traits and behaviour of parasitic nematodes in their free-living stages under natural and realistic circumstances. We also encourage studies to expand the range of used hosts and parasitic nematodes because 66% of results described in the available studies use sheep and cattle as hosts and 32% involve just three nematode species. This new comprehension brings attention to understudied abiotic impacts on terrestrial parasitic nematodes and will have broader implications for livestock management, wildlife conservation, and ecosystem functioning in a rapidly warming climate.

Keywords

temperaturemoisturelife-history traitsbehaviourreview

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Type
Review Article
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 97 , 2023 , e94
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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