Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T22:34:07.444Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cadmium toxicity and snail–digenean interactions in a population of Lymnaea spp.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2024

N.J. Morley ,
M. Crane  and
J.W. Lewis
N.J. Morley*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
*
*Fax: 01784 470756 Email: n.morley@rhul.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The toxicity of cadmium to a population of Lymnaea peregra and L. stagnalis naturally infected with a range of digeneans and collected from a number of sites in the lower Thames Valley, UK was investigated. Lymnaeid snails were exposed to 100 μg l-1 cadmium and the effects on host survival and emergence of cercariae recorded. Overwintered L. peregra, but not L. stagnalis, showed significantly reduced survival compared to seasonally infected snails, i.e. snails which have acquired an infection during the spring or summer. A significant increase in survival with increasing snail size was demonstrated for L. stagnalis and for seasonally infected L. peregra only. Only L. stagnalis infected with Diplostomum spathaceum and L. peregra infected individually with D. spathaceum, Sanguinicola inermis, Echinoparyphium recurvatum and Notocotylus attenuatus demonstrated a significantly reduced survival compared to laboratory-bred controls. The exposure of L. stagnalis to cadmium resulted in a significant reduction in the emergence of D. spathaceum over a 5-day period but cadmium-exposed L. peregra showed no difference in the emergence of E. recurvatum cercariae over a 3-day exposure period. The mechanisms and importance of metal toxicity to snail–digenean interactions are discussed.

Type
Review Article
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 77 , Issue 1 , March 2003 , pp. 49 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abd Allah, A.T., Wanas, M.Q.S. & Thompson, S.N. (1997) Effects of heavy metals on survival and growth of Biomphalaria glabrata Say (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) and interaction with schistosome infection. Journal of Molluscan Studies 63, 79–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abd Allah, A.T., Thompson, S.N., Borchardt, D.B. & Wanas, M.Q.A. (1999) Biomphalaria glabrata: a laboratory model illustrating the potential of pulmonate gastropods as freshwater biomonitors of heavy metal pollutants. Malacologia 41, 345–353.Google Scholar
Adam, M.E. & Lewis, J.W. (1993) The role of Lymnaea auricularia (Linnaeus) and Lymnaea peregra (Muller) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in the transmission of larval digeneans in the lower Thames valley. Journal of Molluscan Studies 59, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, P.A., Nowsielski, J.W. & Croll, N.A. (1976) The emergence of cercariae of Trichobilharzia ocellata and its relationship to the activity of its snail host, Lymnaea stagnalis . Canadian Journal of Zoology 54, 1481–1487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badger, L.I. & Oyerinde, J.P.O. (1996) Schistosoma mansoni: effect of aestivation on the intra-molluscan stages and the survival rate of infected Biomphalaria pfeifferi . Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 90, 617–620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cross, M.A., Irwin, S.W.B. & Fitzpatrick, S.M. (2001) Effects of heavy metal pollution on swimming and longevity in cercariae of Cryptocotyle lingua (Digenea: Heterophyidae). Parasitology 123, 499–507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dreyfuss, G., Vignoles, P. & Rondelaud, D. (2000) Variability of Fasciola hepatica infection in Lymnaea ovata in relation to snail population and snail age. Parasitology Research 86, 69–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, D.W., Irwin, S.W.B. & Fitzpatrick, S. (2001) The effect of digenean (Platyhelminthes) infections on heavy metal concentrations in Littorina littorea . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, 349–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, N.A. (1982) Effects of copper and zinc on the life cycle of Notocotylus attenuatus (Digenea: Notocotylidae). International Journal for Parasitology 12, 363–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godan, D. (1983) Pest slugs and snails: biology and control. Berlin/New York, Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guth, D.J., Blankespoor, H.D. & Cairns, J. Jr (1977) Potentiation of zinc stress caused by parasitic infections of snails. Hydrobiologia 55, 225–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HMSO (1969) Fish toxicity tests. HMSO Leaflet, No. Dd. 139779 K36 12/69.Google Scholar
Laskowski, R. & Hopkin, S.P. (1996) Effect of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd on fitness in snails (Helix aspersa). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 34, 59–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nasir, P. (1984) British freshwater cercariae. Cumana, Venezuela, Universidad de Oriente Press.Google Scholar
Phillips, D.J.H. & Rainbow, P.S. (1993) Biomonitors of trace aquatic contaminants. Elsevier Applied Science, Oxford.Google Scholar
Pike, A.W. (1968) The distribution and incidence of larval trematodes in the freshwater fauna of the Wentloog level, South Wales. Journal of Zoology 155, 293–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stadnichenko, A.P., Ivanenko, L.D., Vasilenko, O.F., Vishnevskaya, A.Y., Zinich, M.M., Kirichuk, G.Y., Myslinskaya, L.N. & Semenij, T.A. (1993) Trematode invasion and zinc sulphate impact upon physico-chemical properties of haemolymph of coil-flats (Mollusca: Bulinidae). Parazitologiya 27, 404–409(in Russian).Google Scholar
Stadnichenko, A.P., Ivanenko, L.D., Kurkchi, L.N., Vitkovskaya, O.V., Kalinina, N.N., Vyskushenko, D.A. & Shevchuk, A.V. (1998) Influence of trematode infection on accumulation of metal ions by freshwater molluscs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Pectinibranchia). Parazitologiya 32, 357–362(in Russian).Google Scholar
Vivian, C.M.G. & Massie, K.S. (1977) Trace metals in waters and sediments of the River Tawe, South Wales, in relation to local sources. Environmental Pollution 14, 47–61.Google Scholar
Yescott, R.E. & Hansen, E.L. (1976) Effect of manganese on Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni . Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 28, 315–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed