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Galactosomum otepotiense n. sp. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) infecting four different species of fish-eating birds in New Zealand: genetically identical but morphologically variable

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 September 2019

B. Presswell Open the ORCID record for B. Presswell [Opens in a new window]  and
J. Bennett
B. Presswell*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
J. Bennett
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
*
Author for correspondence: B. Presswell, E-mail: bpresswell@hotmail.com
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Abstract

Trematodes of the genus Galactosomum are cosmopolitan parasites that infect the intestines of fish-eating birds and mammals. Adults of named Galactosomum species have not been recorded from bird hosts in New Zealand, despite their cercarial stage being known from various studies of the first intermediate host, Zeacumantus subcarinatus. Here we describe a new species of Galactosomum infecting four different piscivorous birds in New Zealand: Caspian terns, red-billed and black-backed gulls and little blue penguins. Specimens from each of these hosts are genetically identical in the genes sequenced, but show considerable morphological variability. Galactosomum otepotiense n. sp. is distinguished from most other members of the ‘bearupi-group’ in having a single circle of spines on the ventral sucker, and spines, as opposed to scales, over most of the body. It is most similar to G. bearupi and G. angelae, both from Caspian terns in Australia, but differs in the relative sizes of the reproductive organs and in the possession of a very long forebody. Molecular data confirm that G. otepotiense is not conspecific with G. bearupi, but 28S and ITS2 phylogenies show its close relationship to G. bearupi and other Australian species. We use the cox1 sequence to confirm identity with the larval stage infecting Z. subcarinatus, as previously described in the literature. We discuss briefly the relationships between Australian and New Zealand Galactosomum spp. and their hosts, variability between genetically identical specimens found in different hosts and their potential for harm to mariculture economy.

Keywords

Hydroprogne caspiaLarus dominicanusChroicocephalus scopulinusEudyptula novaehollandiaeNew ZealandGalactosomum new specieshost-induced variability

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Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 94 , 2020 , e86
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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