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Prevalence of Dirofilaria repens in dogs living in deltaic coastal plain of the Volturno River (Italy): a geographical risk model of infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2022

M. Ferrara ,
R. Maglione ,
D. Ciccarelli ,
S.J. Mundis ,
A. Di Loria Open the ORCID record for A. Di Loria [Opens in a new window] ,
M. Pisaroglo de Carvalho  and
D. Santoro
M. Ferrara
Affiliation:
Ambulatorio Veterinario Domitio, Via Veneto 35, 81030Castel Volturno, Italy
R. Maglione
Affiliation:
LABFORVET Laboratorio Analisi Veterinarie, Via Miseno, 80124Napoli, Italy
D. Ciccarelli
Affiliation:
LABFORVET Laboratorio Analisi Veterinarie, Via Miseno, 80124Napoli, Italy
S.J. Mundis
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32608, USA
A. Di Loria*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, 80130Napoli, Italy
M. Pisaroglo de Carvalho
Affiliation:
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32608, USA
D. Santoro
Affiliation:
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32608, USA
*
Author for correspondence: A. Di Loria, E-mail: adiloria@unina.it
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Abstract

The prevalence of vector-associated parasitic infections is high in central-southern Italy. The deltaic coastal plain of the Volturno River has been suspected, by veterinary practitioners, to have a high accidental incidence of Dirofilaria repens. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dirofilariasis and other coinfections frequently described in dogs living in the Volturno area. Blood samples of 100 clinical asymptomatic dogs were examined using a Knott's technique and polymerase chain reaction in order to identify microfilariae. Other vector-borne coinfections were also investigated using ELISA kits. The results were analysed using statistical and Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Microfilariae of D. repens were detected in 10% of the dogs surveyed, with a presence of antibodies against Ehrlichia canis (4/10) and Dirofilaria immitis (1/10). Such high incidence should be considered in light of the zoonotic potential for D. repens and the support for more regular use of repellents to prevent the spread of this disease. The GIS analyses indicated that the study area provides suitable conditions to sustain populations of mosquito vectors and D. repens parasites throughout much of the year.

Keywords

Dirofilaria repensdogprevalencegeographical information systemvector disease
Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 96 , 2022 , e12
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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