Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ttngx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-04T01:33:18.433Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Japanese Immigration into Latin America: A Survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

James L. Tigner
James L. Tigner*
Affiliation:
Department of History, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The early relations of Latin America and Japan, representing a distinct chapter in the discovery of East Asia by the West, are attributable to the initial thrust of West European expansion beginning in the late fifteenth century, led by Portugal and Spain. Magellan claimed the Philippines for Spain in 1521, and following the conquest of Mexico, and later Peru, Spain sought to establish a trans-Pacific route for communication and commerce. The conquest of the Philippines, carried on from 1565 to 1571 under the leadership of Miguel López de Legaspi, foreshadowed the beginning of the Manila-Acapulco trade, which was subsequently carried on until 1815. In 1606 there were 3,000 Japanese colonists in Manila, and 15,000 in Dilao, which included Manila. Some Japanese, as well as Chinese, served as crew members on the Spanish galleons, and it is probable that these Japanese were the first in recorded history to reach the Americas (Ishii, 1937: 88; Bradley, 1942: 11; Meskill et al., 1971: 74-86; Schurz, 1939: 99-128).

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , November 1981 , pp. 457 - 482
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnhart, E. N. (1962a) “Citízenship and political tests in Latin American republics in World War II.” Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. (hereinafter cited as HAHR) 42 (August): 297–332.Google Scholar
Barnhart, E. N. (1962b) “Japanese internees from Peru.” Pacific Hist. Rev. 30 (May): 169–178.Google Scholar
Beckman, G. M. (1962) The Modernization of China and Japan. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Becu, H. Z. (1943) El problema del extranjero en el reciente legislación Latin Americano. Buenos Aires: Guillermo Kraft.Google Scholar
Bradley, A. (1942) Trans-Pacific Relations of Latin America. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations.Google Scholar
Carneiro, F. (1950) Imigracáo e colonizacáó no Brasil. Rio de Janiero: Avulsa.Google Scholar
Commissáo de Recenseamento de Colonia Japonesa [Sao Paulo, Brasil] (1964) The Japanese Immigrant in Brazil: Statistical Tables. Tokyo: Tokyo Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Cortes, E. G. (1974) “Mexican-Japanese relations during the Diaz years.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California.Google Scholar
Cosío Villegas, D. [ed.] (1957) Historia moderna de Mexico, 4 El porfiriato, la vida social. Mexico: Hermes.Google Scholar
Davis, H. (1872) “Japanese wrecks in American water.” Overland Monthly (October): 353-360.Google Scholar
Defontaines, P. (1938) “The origin and growth of the Brazilian network of towns.” Geographical Rev. 27 (July): 379–399p.Google Scholar
Dixon, J. M. (1911) “Early Mexican and California relations with Japan.” Annual Publications of the Historical Society of Southern California 7: 211–227.Google Scholar
Emmerson, J. K. (1977) “Japanese and Americans in Peru, 1942-1943.” Foreign Service J. (May): 40–47, 56.Google Scholar
Fretz, J. W. (1962) Immigrant Group Settlements in Paraguay. North Newton, KS: Bethel College Press.Google Scholar
Garcia, E. L. (1909) Las razas en Lima. Lima: Imp. Sanmarti y Cia.Google Scholar
Gardiner, C. H. (1975) The Japanese and Peru, 1873-1973. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Gardiner, C. H. (1972) “The Japanese and Central America.” J. of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs 14 (February): 15-47.Google Scholar
Gashu, K. (1951) Los japoneses en la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Japanese Association.Google Scholar
González Navarro, M. (1960) La colonización en México, 1877-1910. Mexico: Talleres de Impression de Estampillas y Valores.Google Scholar
Haring, C. H. (1947) The Spanish Empire in America. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Hastings, D. (1969) “Japanese emigration and assimilation in Brazil.” Int. Migration Rev. 3 (Spring): 32–52.Google Scholar
Irie, T. (1951) “History of Japanese migration to Peru.” HAHR 31 (November): 648–664.Google Scholar
Ishii, R. (1937) Population Pressure and Economic Life in Japan. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Izawa, M. [ed.] (1971) Nihonjin Mexico Ijushi [The History of Japanese Immigrants in Mexico]. Tokyo: Hensan Inkai.Google Scholar
Japan, Colonial Ministry (1937) Kaigai Iju Tokei, Showa 11 nen 10th month, Takumusho Takumuka [Overseas Emigration Statistics at the end of October 1936]. Tokyo: Colonial Ministry, Dept. of Colonization.Google Scholar
Japan, Emigration Service (1972) Kaigai Iju Tokei, Showa 27-45 [Overseas Emigration Statistics, 1952-1970]. Tokyo: Emigration Service.Google Scholar
Japan, Emigration Service (1971) Kaigai Iju Tokei, Showa 27-44 [Overseas Emigration Statistics, 1952-1969]. Tokyo: Emigration Service.Google Scholar
Japan, Emigration Service (1966) Kaigai Zairyu Hojin Si To Sengo Iju No Keiko [Overseas Japanese in the Americas and Postwar Emigration Trends]. Tokyo: Emigration Service.Google Scholar
Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1951) Japanese Emigration: Past and Present. Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1949) Nihonjin No Kaigai Katsudo Jurai No Keika [The Development of Japanese Activities Abroad]. Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1941) Brazil Ni Okeru Nipponjin Hatten-shi. Latin America Chuokai Kanko Inkai. Tokyo Gaimusho America Kyoku, Showa 16 [History of Japanese Development in Brazil] Edited by Editorial Committee of Central Society on Latin America. Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1937) Kaigai Zairyu Hompojin Sokingaku Chosa Showa 12 nen [Inquiry of Remittance from Japanese Abroad]. Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Japan, Office of the Prime Minister (1964) Japan Statistical Yearbook, 1963. Tokyo: Office of the Prime Minister.Google Scholar
Japan Times (1958) September 7.Google Scholar
Koyama, R. (1949) Imin Yonjunenshi [History of Forty Years of Japanese Immigration]. Sao Paulo: Japanese Association of Sao Paulo.Google Scholar
Lubbock, A. B. (1935) Coolie Ships and Oil Sailers. Boston: Charles E. Lauriat.Google Scholar
MacNair, H . F. (1935) The Chinese Abroad: Their Position and Protection. Shanghai: Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Markham, C. R. (1892) A History of Peru. Chicago: Sergei & Co.Google Scholar
de Mello Carvalho, P. (1940) “A legislacao ¡migratoria do Brasil, e sua evolucao.” Revista de ímigracáo e colonizacao 4 (October).Google Scholar
Meskill, J. M.,J., Meskill, andA. T., Embree (1971) The Non-European World, 1500-1800. Glenview, IL: Scott-Foresman.Google Scholar
Neiva, A. H. (1945) “O problema ¡migratorio Brasileiro.” Revista de imigracao e colonizacao 5 (October).Google Scholar
New York Times (1977) November 7.Google Scholar
New York Times (1958) June 15.Google Scholar
New York Times (1945a) July 13.Google Scholar
New York Times (1945b) June 7.Google Scholar
New York Times (1942) August 23.Google Scholar
Normano, J. F. (1938) “Japanese emigration to Latin America.” Genus 3.Google Scholar
Normano, J. F. and A., Gerbi (1943) The Japanese in South America. New York: John Day.Google Scholar
Ohara, Y. (1967) Japan and Latin America. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation Google Scholar
Okinawa, G.R.I. [Government of the Ryukyu Islands] (1961) Nambei Ijuchi Gijo [Status of the Immigration Areas in Latin America]. Naha: GRI.Google Scholar
Okinawa, G.R.I. [Government of the Ryukyu Islands] (1957) Nambei Iminchi Chosa Hokokusho [Inspection Report on the Immigration Areas in Latin America]. Naha: GRI.Google Scholar
Okinawa, G.R.I. [Government of the Ryukyu Islands] (1952) Bureau of Social Affairs. Record of Okinawan Emigration. Naha: GRI.Google Scholar
Okinawa, Prefectural Office (1939a) Gaikoku Toko Kyoka Jinin [Number of Persons Permitted to Go Abroad]. Naha: Okinawa, Prefectural Office, Dept. of General Affairs, Division of Statistics.Google Scholar
Okinawa, Prefectural Office (1939b) Okinawa Ken Tokei Sho [Statistics of Okinawa Prefecture]. Naha: Okinawa, Prefectural Office.Google Scholar
PAZ Soldán y Unanue, P. (1891) La inmigración en el Perú. Lima: Imp. del Universo de Carlos Prince.Google Scholar
Rippy, J. F. (1949) “Japanese in Latin America.” Interamerican Econ. Affairs 3: 50–65.Google Scholar
Rocha Nogueira, A. (1973) A imigracáo japonesa para lavoura cafeeira paulista, 1908-1922. Sao Paulo: Univ. of Sao Paulo Press.Google Scholar
Sacurai, S. (1940) Ishokumin No Rakudo [Paradise of Immigrants]. Tokyo: Kyodo Insatsu Press.Google Scholar
Sacurai, S. (1935) Zaihi Doho Nenkan [Almanac of Resident Japanese in Peru]. Tokyo: Kyodo Insatsu Press.Google Scholar
Saito, H. (1976) “The integration and participation of the Japanese and their descendants in Brazilian society.” Int. Migration 14: 183–197.Google Scholar
Sansom, Sir G. B. (1963) A History of Japan, 1615-1687. Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Sansom, Sir G. B. (1950) The Western World and Japan: A Study in the Interaction of European and Asiatic Cultures. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Schurz, W. L. (1939) The Manila Galleon. New York: E. P. Dutton.Google Scholar
Shiroma, Z. (1959) Zaihaku Okinawa Kenjin Sonen No Ayuma [History of Fifty Years of Okinawan Immigrants in Brazil]. Sao Paulo: Okinawa Cultural and Relief Association.Google Scholar
Sims, H. D. (1972) “Japanese postwar migration to Brazil: an analysis of data presently available.” Int. Migration Rev. 6 (Fall): 246-265.Google Scholar
Stephens, H. M. and Bolton, H. E. [eds.] (1917) The Pacific Ocean in History. Presented at the Panama-Pacific Historical Congress. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Stewart, N. R. (1967) Japanese Colonization in Eastern Paraguay. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Stewart, W. (1951) Chinese Bondage in Peru. Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Taeuber, I. (1958) The Population of Japan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Tanaka, K. (1947) “Japanese immigrants in Amazonia and their future.” Kobe Univ. Econ. Rev. 3: 2–21.Google Scholar
Tigner, J. L. (1978) “The Ryukyuans in Peru, 1906-1952.” The Americas 25 (July): 20–44.Google Scholar
Tigner, J. L. (1967) “The Ryukyuans in Argentina.” HAHR 47 (May): 203–224.Google Scholar
Tigner, J. L. (1963) “The Ryukyuans in Bolivia.” HAHR 43 (May): 206–229.Google Scholar
Tigner, J. L. (1961) “Shindo Remmei: Japanese nationalism in Brazil.” HAHR 41 (November): 515–532.Google Scholar
Tigner, J. L. (1955) The Okinawans in Latin America. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Tohama, H. and Ikeda, K. (1944) “The Okinawa-Naichi relationship.” Social Process in Hawaii: 51-56.Google Scholar
Unno, M. (1941) Mexico Chubei Taikan [General View of Mexico and Central America]. Mexico: Algarin Mexico Press.Google Scholar
U.S. Government, Office of Strategic Services (1944) The Okinawans of the Loo Choo Islands: A Japanese Minority Group. Honolulu: Office of Strategic Services, Research and Analysis Branch.Google Scholar
Vieira, F.I.S. (1973) O japonés na frente de expansáo paulista: O processo de absorcao de japones em Marília. Sao Paulo: Centro de Estudos Nipo-Brasileiros.Google Scholar
Wilcox, W. F. [ed.] (1931) International Migrations. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Willems, E. and Saito, H. (1947) “Shindo Remmei, um problema de aculturacáo.” Revista Sociología 9: 133–152.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, M. (1927) “The question of population in Japan.” Kyoto Imperial University Econ. Rev. (July): 52-62.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, S. [ed.] (1932) Nihon Chiri Fuzoku Taikei [An Outline of Japanese Geography and Customs]. Tokyo: Editorial Committee of Central Society on Latin America.Google Scholar
Yoshida, Y. (1909) “Sources and causes of Japanese emigration.” American Academy of Political and Social Science Annals 34 (September): 157-167.Google Scholar