1
Doty, RL, Bayona, EA, Leon-Ariza, DS, Cuadros, J, Chung, I, Vazquez, B, et al.
The lateralized smell test for detecting Alzheimer's disease: failure to replicate. J Neurol Sci
2014;340:170–3
2
Murphy, C, Gilmore, M, Seery, C, Salmon, D, Lasker, B. Olfactory thresholds are associated with degree of dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging
1990;11:465–9
3
Doty, RL, Shaman, P, Applebaum, SL, Giberson, R, Siksorski, L, Rosenberg, L. Smell identification ability: changes with age. Science
1984;226:1441–3
4
Choudhury, ES, Moberg, P, Doty, RL. Influences of age and sex on a microencapsulated odor memory test. Chem Senses
2003;28:799–805
5
Lafreniere, D, Mann, N. Anosmia: loss of smell in the elderly. Otolaryngol Clin North Am
2009;42:123–31
6
Enwere, E. Aging results in reduced epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, diminished olfactory neurogenesis, and deficits in fine olfactory discrimination. J Neurosci
2004;24:8354–65
7
Attems, J, Walker, L, Jellinger, KA. Olfaction and aging: a mini-review. Gerontology
2015;61:485–90
8
Frasnelli, J, Lundström, JN, Schöpf, V, Negoias, S, Hummel, T, Lepore, F. Dual processing streams in chemosensory perception. Front Hum Neurosci
2012;6:288
9
Wilson, RS, Arnold, SE, Schneider, JA, Tang, Y, Bennett, DA. The relationship between cerebral Alzheimer's disease pathology and odour identification in old age. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
2007;78:30–5
10
Green, AJ, Cervantez, M, Graves, LV, Morgan, CD, Murphy, C. Age and apolipoprotein E ε4 effects on neural correlates of odor memory. Behav Neurosci
2013;127:339–49
11
Olofsson, JK, Nordin, S, Wiens, S, Hedner, M, Nilsson, L-G, Larsson, M. Odor identification impairment in carriers of ApoE-ε4 is independent of clinical dementia. Neurobiol Aging
2010;31:567–77
12
Getchell, ML, Shah, DS, Buch, SK, Davis, DG, Getchell, TV. 3-Nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in olfactory receptor neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease: implications for impaired odor sensitivity. Neurobiol Aging
2003;24:663–73
13
Nordin, S, Murphy, C. Impaired sensory and cognitive olfactory function in questionable Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology
1996;10:113–19
14
Bacon, AW, Bondi, MW, Salmon, DP, Murphy, C. Very early changes in olfactory functioning due to Alzheimer's disease and the role of apolipoprotein E in olfaction. Ann N Y Acad Sci
1998;855:723–31
15
Murphy, C, Gilmore, M, Seery, C, Salmon, D, Lasker, B. Olfactory thresholds are associated with degree of dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging
1990;11:465–9
16
Stamps, JJ, Bartoshuk, LM, Heilman, KM. A brief olfactory test for Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci
2013;333:19–24
17
Landis, BN, Burkhard, PR. Phantosmias and Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol
2008;65:1237–9
18
Hirsch, AR. Parkinsonism: the hyposmia and phantosmia connection. Arch Neurol
2009;66:538–9
19
Landis, BN, Reden, J, Haehner, A. Idiopathic phantosmia: outcome and clinical significance. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec
2010;72:252–5
20
Moller, P, Wulff, C, Koster, EP. Do age differences in odour memory depend on differences in verbal memory?
Neuroreport
2004;15:915–17
21
Moller, P, Mojet, J, Koster, EP. Incidental and intentional flavor memory in young and older subjects. Chem Senses
2007;32:557–67
22
Djordjevic, J, Jones-Gotman, M, De Sousa, K, Chertkow, H. Olfaction in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging
2008;29:693–706
23
Sohrabi, HR, Bates, KA, Weinborn, MG, Johnston, ANB, Bahramian, A, Taddei, K, et al.
Olfactory discrimination predicts cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults. Transl Psychiatry
2012;2:e118
24
Naudin, M, Mondon, K, El-Hage, W, Desmidt, T, Jaafari, N, Belzung, C
et al.
Long-term odor recognition memory in unipolar major depression and Alzheimer׳s disease. Psychiatry Res
2014;220:861–6
25
Pentzek, M, Grass-Kapanke, B, Ihl, R. Odor identification in Alzheimer's disease and depression. Aging Clin Exp Res
2007;19:255–8
26
Growdon, ME, Schultz, AP, Dagley, AS, Amariglio, RE, Hedden, T, Rentz, DM
et al.
Odor identification and Alzheimer disease biomarkers in clinically normal elderly. Neurology
2015;84:2153–60
27
Petersen, RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med
2004:256:183–94
28
Vyhnalek, M, Magerova, H, Andel, R, Nikolai, T, Kadlecova, A, Laczo, J
et al.
Olfactory identification in amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment and its neuropsychological correlates. J Neurol Sci
2015;349:179–84
29
Devanand, DP, Lee, S, Manly, J, Andrews, H, Schupf, N, Doty, RL
et al.
Olfactory deficits predict cognitive decline and Alzheimer dementia in an urban community. Neurology
2015;84:182–9
30
Devanand, DP, Michaels-Marston, KS, Liu, X, Pelton, GH, Padilla, M, Marder, K
et al.
Olfactory deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment predict Alzheimer's disease at follow-up. Am J Psychiatry
2000;157:1399–405
31
Makowska, I, Kloszewska, I, Grabowska, A, Szatkowska, I, Rymarczyk, K. Olfactory deficits in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease in the Polish elderly population. Arch Clin Neuropsychol
2011;26:270–9
32
Devanand, DP, Liu, X, Tabert, MH, Pradhaban, G, Cuasay, K, Bell, K
et al.
Combining early markers strongly predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry
2008;64:871–9
33
Steinbach, S, Hundt, W, Vaitl, A, Heinrich, P, Förster, S, Bürger, K
et al.
Taste in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol
2010;257:238–46
34
Kjelvik, G, Saltvedt, I, White, LR, Stenumgård, P, Sletvold, O, Engedal, K
et al.
The brain structural and cognitive basis of odor identification deficits in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurol
2014;14:168
35
Vyhnalek, M, Magerova, H, Andel, R, Nikolai, T, Kadlecova, A, Laczo, J
et al.
Olfactory identification in amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment and its neuropsychological correlates. J Neurol Sci
2015;349:179–84
36
Li, Y, Wang, Y, Wu, G, Shi, F, Zhou, L, Lin, W
et al.
Discriminant analysis of longitudinal cortical thickness changes in Alzheimer's disease using dynamic and network features. Neurobiol Aging
2012;33:427
37
Solomon, GS, Petrie, WM, Hart, JR, Brackin, HB. Olfactory dysfunction discriminates Alzheimer's dementia from major depression. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
1998;10:64–7
38
Sun, GH, Raji, CA, Maceachern, MP, Burke, JF. Olfactory identification testing as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's dementia: a systematic review. Laryngoscope
2012;122:1455–62
39
Doty, RL, Marcus, A, William Lee, W. Development of the 12-Item Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT). Laryngoscope
1996;106:353–6
40
Delahaye, L, Le Gac, MS, Martins-Carvalho, C, Vazel, L, Potard, G, Marianowski, R. Gap between odor perception threshold and identification threshold: calculation based on a graph of the Biolfa(®) olfactory test. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis
2010;127:130–6
41
Cenedese, V, Mezzavilla, M, Morgan, A, Marino, R, Ettorre, CP, Margaglione, M
et al.
Assessment of the olfactory function in Italian patients with type 3 von Willebrand disease caused by a homozygous 253 Kb deletion involving VWF and TMEM16B/ANO2. PLoS One
2015;10:e0116483
42
Strauss, GP, Keller, WR, Koenig, JI, Gold, JM, Ossenfort, KL, Buchanan, RW. Plasma oxytocin levels predict olfactory identification and negative symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res
2015;162:57–61
43
Lin, A, Brewer, WJ, Yung, AR, Nelson, B, Pantelis, C, Wood, SJ. Olfactory identification deficits at identification as ultra-high risk for psychosis are associated with poor functional outcome. Schizophr Res
2015;161:156–62
44
Prashanth, R, Roy, SD, Mandal, PK, Ghosh, S. Parkinson's disease detection using olfactory loss and REM sleep disorder features. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
2014;2014:5764–7
45
Sharer, JD, Leon-Sarmiento, FE, Morley, JF, Weintraub, D, Doty, RL. Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: positive effect of cigarette smoking. Mov Disord
2015;30:859–62
46
Gaig, C, Vilas, D, Infante, J, Sierra, M, García-Gorostiaga, I, Buongiorno, M
et al.
Nonmotor symptoms in LRRK2 G2019S associated Parkinson's disease. PLoS One
2014;9:e108982
47
Whiting, AC, Marmura, MJ, Hegarty, SE, Keith, SW. Olfactory acuity in chronic migraine: a cross-sectional study. Headache
2015;55(1):71–5
48
Velayudhan, L, Pritchard, M, Powell, JF, Proitsi, P, Lovestone, S. Smell identification function as a severity and progression marker in Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr
2013;25:1157–66
49
Tonacci, A, Borghini, A, Mercuri, A, Pioggia, G, Andreassi, MG. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Val66 Met) polymorphism and olfactory ability in young adults. J Biomed Sci
2013;20:57
50
Fusetti, M, Fioretti, AB, Silvagni, F, Simaskou, M, Sucapane, P, Necozione, S
et al.
Smell and preclinical Alzheimer disease: study of 29 patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
2010;39:175–81
51
Förster, S, Vaitl, A, Teipel, SJ, Yakushev, I, Mustafa, M, la Fougère, C
et al.
Functional representation of olfactory impairment in early Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis
2010;22:581–91
52
Seligman, SC, Kamath, V, Giovannetti, T, Arnold, SE, Moberg, PJ. Olfaction and apathy in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy older adults. Aging Ment Health
2013;17:564–70
53
Alt, JA, Mace, JC, Buniel, MCF, Soler, ZM, Smith, TL. Predictors of olfactory dysfunction in rhinosinusitis using the brief smell identification test. Laryngoscope
2014;124:E259–66
54
Kim, BG, Oh, J-H, Choi, HN, Park, SY. Simple assessment of olfaction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol
2015;135:258–63
55
Soler, ZM, Hyer, JM, Ramakrishnan, V, Smith, TL, Mace, J, Rudmik, L
et al.
Identification of chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes using cluster analysis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol
2015;5:399–407
56
Jones, DE, Rowland, M, Bracewell, RM. Olfactory examination in Korsakoff's syndrome: implications for early diagnosis. ISRN Otolaryngology
2011;2011:1–4
57
Silva, AM, Santos, E, Moreira, I, Bettencourt, A, Coutinho, E, Gonçalves, A
et al.
Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: association with secondary progression. Mult Scler
2012;18:616–21
58
Bersani, G, Quartini, A, Ratti, F, Pagliuca, G, Gallo, A. Olfactory identification deficits and associated response inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder: on the scent of the orbitofronto-striatal model. Psychiatry Res
2013;210:208–14
59
Demirhan, A, Erdem, K, Akkaya, A, Tekelioglu, UY, Bilgi, M, Isik, C
et al.
Evaluation of the olfactory memory after spinal anaesthesia: a pilot study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
2013;17:2428–32
60
Ådén, E, Carlsson, M, Poortvliet, E, Stenlund, H, Linder, J, Edström, M
et al.
Dietary intake and olfactory function in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease: a case–control study. Nutr Neurosci
2011;14:25–31
61
Cramer, CK, Friedman, JH, Amick, MM. Olfaction and apathy in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord
2010;16:124–6
62
Johansen, KK, Warø, BJ, Aasly, JO. Olfactory dysfunction in sporadic Parkinson's disease and LRRK2 carriers. Acta Neurol Scand
2014;129:300–6
63
Rodríguez-Violante, M, Lees, AJ, Cervantes-Arriaga, A, Corona, T, Silveira-Moriyama, L. Use of smell test identification in Parkinson's disease in Mexico: a matched case–control study. Mov Disord
2011;26:173–6
64
Jiang, R-S, Kuo, L-T, Wu, S-H, Su, M-C, Liang, K-L. Validation of the applicability of the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy Rhinol (Providence)
2014;5:28–35
65
Sorokowska, A, Hummel, T. Polish version of the Sniffin’ Sticks Test – adaptation and normalization [in Polish]. Otolaryngol Pol
2014;68:308–14
66
Fjaeldstad, A, Kjaergaard, T, Van Hartevelt, TJ, Moeller, A, Kringelbach, ML, Ovesen, T. Olfactory screening: validation of Sniffin’ Sticks in Denmark. Clin Otolaryngol
2015;40:545–50
67
Lecanu, JB, Faulcon, P, Werner, A, Bonfils, P. Normative data of the Biolfa(®) olfactory test [in French]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac
2002;119:164–9
68
Driver-Dunckley, E, Adler, CH, Hentz, JG, Dugger, BN, Shill, HA, Caviness, JN
et al.
Olfactory dysfunction in incidental Lewy body disease and Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord
2014;20:1260–2
69
Velayudhan, L, Gasper, A, Pritchard, M, Baillon, S, Messer, C, Proitsi, P. Pattern of smell identification impairment in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis
2015;30:381–7
70
Mahlknecht, P, Pechlaner, R, Boesveldt, S, Volc, D, Pinter, B, Reiter, E
et al.
Optimizing odor identification testing as quick and accurate diagnostic tool for Parkinson's disease: odor identification in PD. Mov Disord
2016;31:1408–13
71
Doty, RL, Frye, RE, Agrawal, U. Internal consistency reliability of the fractionated and whole University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Percept Psychophys
1989;45:381–4
72
Hugh, SC, Siu, J, Hummel, T, Forte, V, Campisi, P, Papsin, BC
et al.
Olfactory testing in children using objective tools: comparison of Sniffin’ Sticks and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
2015;44:10
73
Doty, RL. Office procedures for quantitative assessment of olfactory function. Am J Rhinol
2007;21:460–73
74
Joussain, P, Bessy, M, Faure, F, Bellil, D, Landis, BN, Hugentobler, M
et al.
Application of the European Test of Olfactory Capabilities in patients with olfactory impairment. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
2016;273:381–90
75
Gu, D, Li, P. Comparison of application of several psychophysical olfactory test methods in clinic [in Chinese]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi
2014;28:715–17
76
Secundo, L, Snitz, K, Weissler, K, Pinchover, L, Shoenfeld, Y, Loewenthal, R
et al.
Individual olfactory perception reveals meaningful nonolfactory genetic information. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2015;112:8750–5
77
Pelchat, ML, Bykowski, C, Duke, FF, Reed, DR. Excretion and perception of a characteristic odor in urine after asparagus ingestion: a psychophysical and genetic study. Chem Senses
2011;36:9–17
78
Štenc Bradvica, I, Bradvica, M, Matić, S, Reisz-Majić, P. Visual dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Neurol Sci
2015;36:257–62
79
Näätänen, R, Kujala, T, Escera, C, Baldeweg, T, Kreegipuu, K, Carlson, S
et al.
The mismatch negativity (MMN) – a unique window to disturbed central auditory processing in ageing and different clinical conditions. Clin Neurophysiol
2012;123:424–58
80
Buck, L, Axel, R. A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell
1991;65:175–87
81
Niimura, Y. Olfactory receptor multigene family in vertebrates: from the viewpoint of evolutionary genomics. Current Genomics
2012;13:103–14
82
De March, CA, Ryu, S, Sicard, G, Moon, C, Golebiowski, J. Structure–odour relationships reviewed in the postgenomic era: olfactory receptors and odourants. Flavour Fragr J
2015;30:342–61