Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T12:00:47.466Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The impact of emotional intelligence on creativity, the mediating role of worker attitudes and the moderating effects of individual success

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2018

Diane Silva Open the ORCID record for Diane Silva [Opens in a new window]  and
Arnaldo Coelho
Diane Silva*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Arnaldo Coelho
Affiliation:
Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
*
*Corresponding author. Email: dianesilva08@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to understand the influence of emotional intelligence on creativity, considering the mediating roles of job resourcefulness, self-motivation and organizational commitment moderated by individual success. The investigation is based on data from 519 questionnaires collected from a sample of Portuguese workers. Structural equation modeling was used with multigroup analysis.The results show a positive influence of emotional intelligence on creativity and other behavioral variables, and individual success appeared to moderate most of the presented relationships. The sample used in this study is not probabilistic, thus the results are difficult to generalize. This investigation identifies several work-related outcomes of emotional intelligence and highlights its importance and raises new ideas for training programs, namely in the field of soft skills. This investigation is innovative in that we analyze the mediating effects of different variables, like job resourcefulness, on emotional intelligence’s relationship with creativity, moderated by individual success.

Keywords

emotional intelligencecreativityindividual success
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Management & Organization , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , March 2019 , pp. 284 - 302
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abraham, R. (2000). The role of job control in emotional dissonance and emotional- intelligence outcome relationships. The Journal of Psychology, 134, 169–184.Google Scholar
Allen, V. L. (1954). Social analysis, London: Longman.Google Scholar
Allen, N. J Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1–8.Google Scholar
Amabile, T. M., Barsade, S. G., Mueller, J. S Staw, B. M. (2005). Affect and creativity at work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50, 367–403.Google Scholar
Amiable, T. M Conti, R. (1999). Changes in the work environment for creativity during downsizing. The Academy of Management Journal, 42(6), 153.Google Scholar
Anari, N. N. (2011). Teachers: Emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Journal of Workplace Learning, 24(4), 256–269.Google Scholar
Antonakis, J., Ashkanasy, N. M Dasborough, M. T. (2009). Does leadership need emotional intelligence? The Leadership Quarterly, 20(2009), 247–261.Google Scholar
Argyris, C. (1957). Personality and organisation, New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Aronson, L., Wilson, T Akert, R. (2002). Social psychology (4th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Ashforth, B. E Humphrey, R. H. (1995). Emotion in the workplace: A reappraisal. Human Relations, 48(2), 97–125.Google Scholar
Avery, D. R., McKay, P. F Wilson, D. C. (2007). Engaging the aging workforce: The relationship between perceived age similarity, satisfaction with co-worker and employee Engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 25(9), 1542–1556.Google Scholar
Bar-On, R. (1997). The emotional intelligence inventory (EQ-i): Technical manual. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.Google Scholar
Bar-On, R Parker, J. D. A. (2000). The Bar-On emotional quotient inventory: Youth version (EQ-i:YV) technical manual. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.Google Scholar
Barsade, S. G Gibson, D. E. (2007). Why does affect matter in organizations? Business Faculty Publications, 101.Google Scholar
Bassett-Jones, N. (2005). The paradox of diversity management, creativity and innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management, 14(2), 169–175.Google Scholar
Beal, D. J., Trougakos, J. P., Weiss, H. M Green, S. G. (2006). Episodic processes in emotional labor: Perceptions of affective delivery and regulation strategies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1053–1065.Google Scholar
Berglas, S. (1986). The Success Syndrome: Hitting Bottom When You Reach the Top. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Boren, A. (2010). Emotional Intelligence: The secret of successful entrepreneurship? Leadership in Agriculture, 2, 55–61.Google Scholar
Bradberry, T. R Greaves, J. M. (2003). The emotional intelligence appraisal: Technical manual. San Diego: TalentSmart.Google Scholar
Bryman, A. (1992). Charisma and leadership in organizations. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Cable, D. M Judge, T. A. (1996). Person–organization fit, job choice decisions, and organizational entry. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67(3), 294–311.Google Scholar
Carmeli, A. (2003). The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(8), 788–813.Google Scholar
Carmeli, A., McKay, A Kaufman, J. C. (2013). Emotional intelligence and creativity: The mediating role of generosity and vigor. Journal of Creative Behavior, 48(4), 290–309.Google Scholar
Ceci, M. W Kumar, V. K. (2016). A correlational study of creativity, happiness, motivation, and stress from creative pursuits. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 609–626.Google Scholar
Cekmecelioglu, G. H. (2006). Effects of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on creativity. Iktisat Isletme ve Finans, 21(243), 120–131.Google Scholar
Chao, L., Xinmei, L Zizhen, G. (2013). Emotional labor strategies and service performance: The mediating role of employee creativity. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 29(5), 1583–1596.Google Scholar
Chang, J.-H Teng, C.-C. (2017). Intrinsic or extrinsic motivations for hospitality employees creativity: The moderating role of organization-level regulatory focus. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 60, 133–141.Google Scholar
Chiavenato, I. (2005). Gestão de pessoas. 2a Edição. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Chin, S. T. S., Raman, K., Yeow, J. A Eze, U. C. (2012). Relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence in nurturing creativity and innovation among successful entrepreneurs: A conceptual framework. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 57, 261–267.Google Scholar
Chiu, K Francesco, A. M. (2003). Dispositional traits and turnover intention. International Journal of Manpower, 24(3), 284–298.Google Scholar
Chopra, P. K Kanji, G. K. (2010). Emotional intelligence: A catalyst for inspirational leadership and management excellence. Total Quality Management, 21(10), 971–1004.Google Scholar
Christie, A., Jordan, P., Troth, A Lawrence, S. (2007). Testing the links between emotional intelligence and motivation. Journal of Management & Organization, 13, 212–226.Google Scholar
Cohen, L. M. (2012). Adaptation and creativity in cultural context. Revista de Psicología, 30(1), 3–18.Google Scholar
Côté, S Miners, C. T. (2006). Emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence and job performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51(1), 1–28.Google Scholar
Da Costa, S., Páez, D., Oriol, X Unzueta, C. (2014). Regulación de la afectividad en el ámbito laboral: validez de las escalas de hetero-regulación EROS & EIM. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30, 13–22.Google Scholar
Diefendorff, J. M., Croyle, M. H Gosserand, R. H. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 339–357.Google Scholar
Dorenbosch, L., Engen, M. L. V Verhagen, M. (2005). On the job innovation: The impact of job design and human resource management through production ownership. Creativity and Innovation Management, 14(2), 129–141.Google Scholar
Dulewicz, C., Young, M Dulewicz, V. (2005). The relevance of emotional intelligence for leadership performance. The Journal of General Management, 30(3), 71–86.Google Scholar
Elsbach, K. D Hargadon, A. B. (2006). Enhancing creativity through ‘mindless’ work: A framework of workday design. Organization Science, 17(4), 470–473.Google Scholar
Emmerling, R. J Boyatzis, R. E. (2012). Emotional and social intelligence competencies: Cross cultural implications. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 19(1), 4–18.Google Scholar
Emmerling, R. J Goleman, D. (2005). Leading with emotion: Emotional intelligence predicts success. Leadership Excellence, 22(7), 153–168.Google Scholar
Farabee, A. M. (2011). Person–organization fit as a barrier to employee creativity (Doctoral dissertation). University of Missouri, St Louis, MO.Google Scholar
Feldman, D. (1996). Managing careers in down sizing firms. Human Resource Management, 35(2), 145–161.Google Scholar
Fisher, J. C Cole, K. M. (1993). Leadership and management of volunteer programs: A guide for volunteer administrators. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.Google Scholar
Fong, C. T. (2006). The effects of emotional ambivalence on creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 1016–1030.Google Scholar
Ford, C. M. (1996). A theory of individual creative action in multiple social domains. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 1112–1142.Google Scholar
Fornell, C Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement errors. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50.Google Scholar
Furnham, A. (2016). The relationship between cognitive ability, emotional intelligence and creativity. Psychology, 7, 193–197.Google Scholar
Geher, G., Betancourt, K Jewell, O. (2017). The link between emotional intelligence and creativity. Imagination, Cognition and Personality: Consciousness in Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice, 37(1), 5–22.Google Scholar
George, J. M. (2000). Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional intelligence. Human Relations, 53(8), 1027–1055.Google Scholar
Ghosh, K. (2013). Prioritization of individual success indicators for managerial success. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 21(3), 260–287.Google Scholar
Gilson, L. L., Mathieu, J. E., Shalley, C. E Ruddy, T. M. (2005). Creativity and standardization: Complementary or conflicting drivers of team effectiveness? Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 521–531.Google Scholar
Goleman, D. (1995). Inteligência Emocional. Objetiva, 5.Google Scholar
Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Griffin, M. A., Neal, A Parker, S. K. (2007). A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 327–347.Google Scholar
Gunter, S. T. (2015). The impact of work design, autonomy support, and strategy on employee outcomes: A differentiated perspective on self-determination at work. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 74–87.Google Scholar
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Harris, K., Graham, S Mason, L. (2006). Improving the writing, knowledge, and motivation of struggling young writers: effects of self- regulated strategy development with and without peer support. American Educational Research Journal, 43(2), 295–340.Google Scholar
Harness, K. R. (2013). Motivation and your personal vision an unbeatable force (Article).Google Scholar
Heckert, T. M., Cuneio, G., Hannah, A. P., Adams, P. J., Droste, H. E., Mueller, M. A., Wallis, H. A., Griffin, C. M Roberts, L. L. (1999). Creation of a new needs assessment questionnaire. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(1), 121–136.Google Scholar
Hein, S. J Lehman, D. R. (2007). Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism: Does the West feel more invulnerable than the East. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 595–607.Google Scholar
Hong, Y., Catano, V. M Liao, H. (2010). Leader emergence: The role of emotional intelligence and motivation to lead. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(4), 320–343.Google Scholar
Hou, Y. H., Gao, G., Wang, F., Li, T Yu, Z. (2011). Organizational commitment and creativity: the influence of thinking styles. Annals of Economics and Finance, 12(2), 411–431.Google Scholar
Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1122–1131.Google Scholar
Joelle, M Coelho, A. (2017). The impact of spirituality at work on workers’ attitudes and individual performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(5192), 1–25.Google Scholar
Johnson, H. A. M Spector, P. E. (2007). Service with a smile: Do emotional intelligence, gender, and autonomy moderate the emotional labor process? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(4), 319–333.Google Scholar
Joseph, D. L, Jin, J., Newman, D. A O’Boyle, E. H. (2015). Why does self-reported emotional intelligence predict job performance? A meta-analytic investigation of mixed EI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 298–342.Google Scholar
Judge, T. A, Higgins, C. A., Thoresen, C. J Barrick, M. R. (1999). The big five personality traits, general mental ability, and career success across the life span. Personnel Psychology, 52(3), 621–652.Google Scholar
Karen, A., Cummings, A Dyne, L. V. (2002). Differential effects of strain on two forms of work performance: Individual employees sales and creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 57–74.Google Scholar
Kaufman, G Vosburg, S. K. (1997). Paradoxical mood effects on creative problemsolving. Cognition and Emotion, 11, 151–170.Google Scholar
Kilduff, M., Chiaburu, D. S Menges, J. I. (2010). Strategic use of emotional intelligence in organizational settings: Exploring the dark side. Research in Organizational Behavior, 30(1), 129–152.Google Scholar
Kleine, C Weißenberger, B. (2014). Leadership impact on organizational commitment: the mediating role of management control systems choice. International Journal for Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 24(3), 241–266.Google Scholar
Klein, H. J., Wesson, M. J., Hollenbeck, J. R Alge, B. J. (1999). Goal commitment and the goal-setting process: Conceptual clarification and empirical synthesis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(6), 885–896.Google Scholar
Kontoghiorphes, C Bryant, N. (2004). Exploring employee commitment in a service organization in the health care insurance industry. Organizational Development Journal , 22(3), 59–74.Google Scholar
Koustab, G. (2013). Prioritization of individual success indicators for managerial success. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 21(3), 260–287.Google Scholar
Kozhevnikov, M. (2007). Cognitive styles in the context of modern psychology: Toward an integrated framework. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 464–481.Google Scholar
Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person–organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 49(1), 1–49.Google Scholar
Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, personorganization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281.Google Scholar
Laborde, S., Lautenbach, F., Allen, M. S., Herbert, C Achtzehn, S. (2014). The role of trait emotional intelligence in emotion regulation and performance under pressure. Personality & Individual Differences, 57(43), 47.Google Scholar
LaGuardia, J., Ryan, R., Couchman, C Deci, E. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 367–384.Google Scholar
Law, K. S., Wong, C. S Song, L. (2004). The construct and criterion validity of emotional intelligence and its potential utility for management studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 483–496.Google Scholar
Libbrecht, N., Livens, F., Carette, B Côté, S. (2014). Emotional intelligence predicts success in medical school. Emotion.Google Scholar
Licata, J. W., Mowen, J. C., Harris, E. G Brown, T. (2003). A hierarchical personality approach for identifying the traits of high-performing service personnel. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences, 31, 256–271.Google Scholar
Lyons, J. B Schneider, T. R. (2005). The influence of emotional intelligence of performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(2005), 693–703.Google Scholar
Masrek, M. N., Osman, M. A. F., Ibrahim, Z Mansor, A. N. (2015). Malaysian computer professional: assessment of emotional intelligence and organizational commitment. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 238–245.Google Scholar
Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R Salovey, P. (2000). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. Intelligence, 27(4), 267–298.Google Scholar
Meisler, G. (2013). Empirical exploration of the relationship between emotional intelligence, perceived organizational justice and turnover intentions. Employee Relations, 35(4), 441–455.Google Scholar
Michel, R Ashill, N. (2009). Symptoms of burnout and service recovery performance: The influence of job resourcefulness. Managing Service Quality, 19(1), 60–84.Google Scholar
Milkovich, G. T dt Boudreau, J. W. (1997). Human resource management. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin.Google Scholar
Maria de Fátima, M. (2009). Azevedo, Ivete - Avaliação da criatividade como um contexto delicado: revisão de metodologias e problemáticas. Avaliação Psicológica, 8(1), 1–15.Google Scholar
Naseem, K. (2017). Job stress and employee creativity: The mediating role of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Management Excellence, 9(2), 67–75.Google Scholar
O’Reilly, C Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 492–499.Google Scholar
Oldham, G Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39(3), 607–634.Google Scholar
Ormrod, J. E. (1995). Human learning. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Merrill.Google Scholar
Parke, M. R., Seo, M Sherf, E. N. (2015). Regulating and facilitating: The role of emotional intelligence in maintaining and using positive affect for creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(3), 917–934.Google Scholar
Perera, H. N. (2015). The internal structure of responses to the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form: An exploratory structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97, 411–423.Google Scholar
Petrides, K. V Furnham, A. (2001). On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 313–320.Google Scholar
Podsakoff, P. M MacKenzie, S. B. (2003). An examination of the psychometric properties and homological validity of some revised and reduced substitutes for leadership scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(5), 702–713.Google Scholar
Podsakoff, P. M Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 69–82.Google Scholar
Qualter, P., Gardner, K. J., Pope, D. J Hutchinson, J. M. (2012). Ability emotional intelligence, trait emotional intelligence, and academic success in British secondary schools: A 5 year longitudinal study. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(1), 83–91.Google Scholar
Rego, A Cunha, M. P. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53–75.Google Scholar
Rice, C. (1999). A quantitative study on emotional intelligence and its impact team performance. Unpublished Master Thesis, Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.Google Scholar
Rotundo, M Sackett, P. R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global aspects of job performance: A policy-capturing approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 66–80.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M La Guardia, J. G. (2000). What is being optimized?: Selfdetermination theory and basic psychological needs. In S. H. Qualls, & N. Abeles (Eds.), Psychology and the Aging Revolution: How We Adapt to Longer Life (pp. 145–172). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Salovey, P Mayer, J. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185–211.Google Scholar
Sanders, J. E. I, Hopkins, W. E Geroy, G. D. (2003). From transactional to transcendental: toward and integrated theory of leadership. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 9(4), 21–31.Google Scholar
Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L Liden, R. C. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 219–238.Google Scholar
Shalley, C Gilson, L. (2004). What leaders need to know: A review of social and contextual factors that can foster or hinder creativity. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(1), 33–53.Google Scholar
Shalley, C. E., Gilson, L. L Blum, T. C. (2009). Interactive effects of growth need strength, work context, and job complexity on self-reported creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 489–505.Google Scholar
Shamir, B., House, R. J Arthur, M. B. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4, 577–594.Google Scholar
Shipley, N. L., Jackson, M. J Secrets, S. L. (2010). The effects of emotional intelligence, age, work experience, and academic performance. Research in Higher Education Journal, 9, 1–18.Google Scholar
Slaski, M Cartwright, S. (2002). Health, performance and emotional intelligence: An exploratory study of retail managers. Stress and Health, 18, 63–68.Google Scholar
Sosik, J. J Megerian, L. E. (1999). Understanding leader emotional intelligence and performance: The role of self-other agreement on transformational leadership perceptions. Group and Organization Management, 24(3), 340–366.Google Scholar
Staw, B. M., Sutton, R. I Pelled, L. H. (1994). Employee positive emotion and favorable outcomes at the workplace. Organization Science, Vol. 5(1), 51–71.Google Scholar
Stuart-Kotze, R Roskin, R. (1983). Success guide to managerial achievement. Reston, VA: Reston Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Supangco, V. T. (2010). Organizational and individual determinants of career success of MBA students. Journal of International Business Research, 10(S2), 1–16.Google Scholar
Swanson, A., Bowler, B Zobisch, P. (2014). An assessment of emotional intelligence understanding in the field of real estate. Global Conference on Business & Finance Proceedings, Institute for Business & Finance Research, Hilo.Google Scholar
Sweetman, D., Luthans, F., Avey, J. B Luthans, B. C. (2011). Relationship between positive psychological capital and creative performance. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 28, 4–13.Google Scholar
Taboli, H. (2013). Job satisfaction as a mediator in relationship between emotional intelligence, organizational commitment in employees’ Kerman universities. Life Science Journal, 10(1), 1–8.Google Scholar
Tierney, P., Farmer, S. M Graen, G. B. (1999). An examination of leadership and employee creativity: The relevance of traits and relationships. Personnel Psychology, 52, 591–620.Google Scholar
Turban, D. B Dougherty, T. W. (1994). Role of PROT+G+ personality in receipt of mentoring and career success. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 688–702.Google Scholar
Van Maanen, J Schein, E. H. (1979). Toward of theory of organizational socialization. Research in Organizational Behavior, 1, 209–264.Google Scholar
Vakola, M., Tsaousis, I Nikolaou, I. (2004). The effects of emotional intelligence and personality variables on attitudes toward organizational change. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19, 88–110.Google Scholar
Weisinger, H. (1998). Emotional intelligence at work: The untapped edge for success. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Weissberg.Google Scholar
Wong, C. S Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. Leadership Quarterly, 13, 243–274.Google Scholar
Wong, C. S., Wong, P. M Law, K. S. (2007). Evidence on the practical utility of Wong’s emotional intelligence scale in Hong Kong and mainland China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(1), 43–60.Google Scholar
Woodman, R. W, Sawyer, J. E Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. The Academy of Management Review, 18(2), 293–231.Google Scholar
Zacker, H. (2013). A lifespan perspective on emotion regulation, stress, and well-being in the workplace. Research in Occupational Stress and Well Being, 11, 163–193.Google Scholar
Zeinabadi, H Salehi, H. (2011). Role of procedural justice, trust, job satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Organizational Citizenship behavior (OCB) of teachers: Proposing a modified social exchange model. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1472–1481.Google Scholar
Zhou, J George, J. M. (2001). When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice. Academy of Management, 44, 682–696.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Silva and Coelho supplementary material

Silva and Coelho supplementary material 1

Download Silva and Coelho supplementary material(File)
File 20.2 KB