Professor Tani's paper (p. 119) describes recent work on the problem of calculating head reach for mammoth ships of one kind and another. Handling these vessels in confined waters and bringing them alongside the berth also poses particular problems to pilots. This paper illustrates some of these problems, which of course differ to some extent for each port, by describing the pilotage procedures used in one of the new Japanese ports built to accommodate very large vessels.

1. The inland sea and large vessels. The Inland Sea has a coast line of about 4272 kilometres and covers an area of 18,000 square kilometres, equal to that of Lake Ontario. The distance from east to west is about 260 miles and the broadest part from north to south is about 30 miles wide. Navigable channels or waterways for large vessels run in all directions.