Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-15T10:46:33.359Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Numerical Simulations on the Capsizing of Bulk Carriers with Nickel Ores

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2013

Youjia Zou ,
Chun Shen  and
Xiangying Xi
Youjia Zou*
Affiliation:
(Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China)
Chun Shen
Affiliation:
(Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China)
Xiangying Xi
Affiliation:
(Faculty of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China)
*
(E-mail: marscar@126.com)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The liquefaction of nickel ore is widely considered to account for the capsizing and sinking of bulk carriers, but the mechanisms that lead to the incidents still remain uncertain. In this paper, the sloshing motion of fluid with high viscosity in a rectangular tank has been studied; the Level Set Method has been employed to predict the behaviours of fluid sloshing motion under the circumstances of beam seas. In a bid to evaluate the consistency of the numerical solution, a full validation has been performed. The results obtained from the simulations are in good agreement with that from the experiment. The conclusions have also been made that the collapse of the shear resistance of the fluid or increasing heeling moment acquired from the fluid sloshing after liquefaction of the nickel ore may be responsible for the capsizing and sinking of the ships. Hopefully, our conclusions can help ship owners better understand how to take precautions to prevent the ships from capsizing while carrying nickel ore or similar cargos; the results could provide the IMO with the theoretical basis for stipulating new international safe standards for bulk carriers; the numerical methodology can also help engineers to predict sloshing motion of viscous fluids.

Keywords

Nickel oreLiquefactionSloshingStability
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Navigation , Volume 66 , Issue 6 , November 2013 , pp. 919 - 930
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Australian Transport Safety Bureau, (2000). Marine safety investigation report 148. 1–37.Google Scholar
Chen, B. F. and Nokes, R. (2005).Time-independent finite difference analysis of full non-linear and viscous fluid sloshing in a rectangular tank. J. comput. Phys, 209, No. 1, 47–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung-Yueh, Wang, Jyh-tong, Teng and George, P. G. Huang. (2011). Numerical simulation of sloshing motion inside a two dimensional rectangular tank by level set method. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 21, No. 1, 5–31.Google Scholar
Colicchio, G., Landrini, M. and Chaplin, J.R. (2005). Level-set computations of free surface rotational flows. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 127, No. 6, 1111–1121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, S. N., Shiraishi, S. and Das, S. K. (2010). Mathematical modeling of sway, roll and yaw motions: order-wise analysis to determine coupled characteristics and numerical simulation for restoring moment's sensitivity analysis, Acta Mech, 213, 305–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferziger, J.H. and Peric, M. (2002). Computational method for fluid dynamics. Springer. Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirt, C.W. and Nichols, B.D. (1981).Volume of fluid (VOF)method for the dynamics of free boundaries. J.comput.Phy., 39, No.1, 201–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krata, P. (2010): Dynamic Component of Ship's Heeling Moment due to Sloshing vs. IMO IS-Code Recommendations. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 4, No. 3, 363–368.Google Scholar
Lei, Hai. (2011). Safe transportation for laterite nickel ore. Marine Technology, 1, 27–28.Google Scholar
Renqing, Zhu, Ziyong, Fang and Zhaogang, Zhang. (2008). Level set method for predicting impact pressure induced by violent sloshing in a tank. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 12, No. 3, 344–350.Google Scholar
Rhie, C.M. and Chow, W.L. (1983). Numerical study of the turbulent flow past an airfoil with trailing edge separation. AIAAJ, 21, No. 21, 1525–1532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popov, G., Vatistas, G. H., Sankar, S. and Sankar S, T. S. (1993). Numerical simulation of viscous liquid sloshing in arbitrarily shaped reservoirs. AIAA Journal, 31, No. 1, 10–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popek, M. (2010). The Influence of Organic Polymer on Parameters Determining Ability to Liquefaction of Mineral Concentrates. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 4, No. 4, 435–440.Google Scholar
Souto Iglesias, A., Pérez Rojas, L. and Zamora Rodríguez, R. (2004). Simulation of anti-roll tanks and sloshing type problems with smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Ocean Engineering, 31, No. 8–9, 1169–1192CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yonghwan, Kim, Yung-Sup, Shin, Kwang Hyun, Lee. (2004). Numerical study on slosh-induced impact pressures on three-dimensional prismatic tanks. Applied Ocean Research, 26, 213–226.Google Scholar
Yongzhi, Wang, Lu, lei, Liu, Yan and Guan, Wei. (2010). A study on mechanical properties of nickel laterite, China Nonferrous Metals, 2, 74–76.Google Scholar