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Europe from the Bottom: Assessing Personal Gains and Losses and its Effects on EU Support

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2005

STEFFEN MAU
Affiliation:
University of Bremen

Abstract

Numerous authors have highlighted utilitarian considerations as sources of public support for the European Union, suggesting that support results primarily from cost-benefit calculations of the gains and losses associated with integration. Benefits accrue, not only to different member states, but also to individuals. Within this discussion it is often suggested that the gains and losses are unevenly distributed across social groups, with the higher status groups being privileged and the lower status groups disadvantaged. This paper challenges arguments that assume a clear division between lower social strata and higher social strata in terms of winning and losing in Europeanization; it looks more closely at how Europeans rate the integration process as it affects them personally, and how this influences their support for integration. The results show that socio-economic characteristics cannot fully explain people's perceptions of being winners or losers, and a large proportion of EU citizens do not consider themselves either winners or losers. The paper also demonstrates that the winner/loser self-characterization is indeed a major determinant of support for the EU, but that it only partly coincides with people's socio-economic position.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2005 Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

I am grateful to Jan Delhey for fruitful discussion and substantive inputs. I also thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestion that helped me to improve the quality of the article.