Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T03:55:57.566Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sterile Debates and Dubious Generalisations: European Integration Theory Tested by Telecommunications and Electricity*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Susanne K. Schmidt
Susanne K. Schmidt
Affiliation:
Public Policy, Max-Planck Institutfar GesellschaftsforschungLothringer Str. 78 D-50677 CologneGermany Fax: 49-221/336-0555 E-Mail: Schmidt@mpi-fg-koeln.mpg.de
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Analyses of European integration processes are still dominated by the dichotomous debate between intergovernmentalism and suprana-tionalism. Sides are often taken in this debate based on very case-specific empirical findings. An analysis of two cases, European telecommunications and electricity policy, illustrates how misleading such generalisations can be. The former case is often used to support supranational claims, while the latter highlights the importance of intergovernmental vetos. However, further analysis reveals the very parallel supranational policy approach of the European Commission to both sectors and the resulting weakness of the dominant interpretation. An analysis using a multilevel governance approach to European integration can avoid these difficulties.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Public Policy , Volume 16 , Issue 3 , September 1996 , pp. 233 - 271
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Andersen, Svein S. (1993) Towards a Common EC Energy Policy, in Andersen, Svein S. and Eliassen, Kjell A. (eds.), Making Policy in Europe. The Europeification of National Policy-making. London: Sage, 133–154.Google Scholar
Anderson, Jeffrey J. (1995) The State of the (European) Union. From the Single Market to Maastricht, from Singular Events to General Theories. World Politics 47, 441–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Argyris, Nicholas (1993) Regulatory Reform in the Electricity Sector: An Analysis of the Commission's Internal Market Proposals. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 9(1), 31–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baggehufwudt, Nils von (1993) Dienstleistungsmonopole in der Telekommunikation unter EG-rechtlichen Aspekten. Archiv für Post und Telekommunikation 45(2), 174–179.Google Scholar
Burley, Anne-Marie and Mattli, Walter (1993) Europe Before the Court: A Political Theory of Legal Integration. International Organization 47, 41–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, David (1992) The 1992 Initiative: Cases and Consequences, in Sbragia, Alberta M. (ed.), Euro-Politics – Institutions and Policymaking in the ‘New’ European Community. Washington, DC, Brookings Institution, 23–74.Google Scholar
Caporaso, James A. and Keeler, John T.S. (1995) The European Union and Regional Integration Theory, in Rhodes, Carolyn and Mazey, Sonia (eds.), The State of the European Union, Vol. 3: Building a Europlean Polity? Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 29–62.Google Scholar
Coleman, James S. (1974) Power and the Structure of Society. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Corbey, Dorette (1995) Dialectical Functionalism: Stagnation as a Booster of European Integration. International Organization 49(2), 253–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornett, Linda and Caporaso, James A. (1992) ‘And Still It Moves!’ State Interests and Social Forces in the European Community, in Rosenau, James N. and Czempiel, Ernst-Otto (eds.), Governance without Government: Order and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 219–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowhey, Peter F. (1990) Telecommunications, in Hufbauer, Gary Clyde (ed.), Europe 1992. An American Perspective. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 159–224.Google Scholar
Cram, Laura (1994) The European Commission as a Multi-organization: Social Policy and IT Policy in the EU. Journal of European Public Policy 1(2), 195–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Cockborne, Jean-Eric (1990) La libéralisation du marché communautaire de l'électricité: Les Télécoms montrent-ils le voie? Revue de droit des affaires internationales 1990(7), 851–878.Google Scholar
Dohms, Rüdiger (1994) The Development of a Competitive Internal Energy Market in the European Community. Connecticut fournal of International Law 9(3), 805–856.Google Scholar
Ellger, Reinhard (1992) Telecommunications in Europe: Law and Policy of the European Community in a Key Industrial Sector, in Adams, William James (ed.), Singular Europe. Economy and Polity of the European Community after 1992. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 203–250.Google Scholar
Fearon, James D. (1991) Counterfactuals and Hypothesis Testing in Political Science. World Politics 1991(1), 169–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuchs, Gerhard (1994) Policy-making in a System of Multi-level Governance – the Commission of the European Community and the Restructuring of the Telecommunications Sector. Journal of European Public Policy 1(2), 177–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrett, Geoffrey (1992) International Cooperation and Institutional Choice: The European Community's Market. International Organization 46(2), 533–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrett, Geoffrey (1995) The Politics of Legal Integration in the European Union. International Organization 49(1), 171–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrett, Geoffrey and Weingast, Barry R. (1993) Idea, Interests, and Institutions: Constructing the European Community's Internal Market, in Goldstein, Judith and Keohane, Robert O. (eds.), Ideas and Foreign Policy. Beliefs, Institutions and Political Change. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 173–206.Google Scholar
Gatsios, Konstantine and Seabright, Paul (1989) Regulation in the European Community. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 5, 37–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gehring, Thomas (1994) The Theory of International Regimes and the European Community. Paper presented at the XVIth World Congress of the International Political Science Association, 21–2508 1994, Berlin.Google Scholar
George, Stephen (1993) Intergovernmentalism and Supranationalism in the Development of the European Community, in Pfetsch, Frank R. (ed.), International Relations and Pan-Europe. Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Findings. Münster: Lit, 159–171.Google Scholar
Grande, Edgar (1996) The State and Interest Groups in a Framework of Multilevel Decision-making: The Case of the European Union. Journal of European Public Policy 3(3), 318–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haas, Ernst B. (1964) Beyond the Nation-State. Functionalism and International Organizations. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hancher, Leigh (1994) Case C-320/91 P, Procureur du Roi v. Paul Corbeau. Common Market Law Review 31, 105–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hancher, Leigh (1995) Case C-393/92, Gemeente Almelo and Others v. Energiebedrijf IJsselmij NV. Common Market Law Review 32, 305–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hancher, Leigh and Trepte, Peter-Armin (1992) Competition and the Internal Energy Market. European Competition Law Review 13(4), 149–160.Google Scholar
Héritier, Adrienne, Mingers, Susanne, Knill, Christoph and Becka, Martina (1994) Die Veritnderung von Staatlichkeit in Europa. Ein regulativer Wettbewerb: Deutschland, Großbritannien und Frankreich in der Europäischen Union. Opladen: Leske & Budrich.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hocepied, Christian (1994) Les directives article 90 paragraphe 3. Une espèce juridique en voie de disparition? Revue des Affaires européennes 1994(2), 49–63.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, Stanley (1966) Obstinate or Obsolete? The Fate of the Nation-Statė and the Case of Western Europe. Daedalus 85, 862–915.Google Scholar
Iida, Keisuke (1993) Analytic Uncertainty and International Cooperation: Theory and Application to International Economic Policy Coordination. International Studies Quarterly 37, 431–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jachtenfuchs, Markus (1995) Theoretical Perspectives on European Governance. European Law Journal 1(2), 115–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jachtenfuchs, Markus and Kohler-Koch, Beate (1996) Einleitung: Regieren in dynamischen Mehrebenensystemen, in Jachtenfuchs, M. and Kohler-Koch, B. (eds.), Europäische Integration. Opladen: Leske & Budrich, 15–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kassim, Hussein (1994) Policy Networks, Networks and European Union Policy Making: A Sceptical View. West European Politics 17(4), 15–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. and Hoffmann, Stanley (1990) Conclusions: Community Politics and Institutional Change, in Wallace, William (ed.), The Dynamics of European Integration. London: Pinter Publishers, 277–300.Google Scholar
Lieberson, Stanley (1991) Small N's and Big Conclusions: An Examination of the Reasoning in Comparative Studies Based on a Small Number of Cases. Social Forces 70(2), 307–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majone, Giandomenico (1992) Market Integration and Regulation: Europe after 1992. Metroeconomica 43, 131–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansell, Robin (1993) The New Telecommunications. A Political Economy of Network Evolution. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Marks, Gary (1993) Structural Policy and Multilevel Governance in the EC, in Cafruny, Alan W. and Rosenthal, Glenda G. (eds.), State of the European Community: The Maastricht Debates and Beyond. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 391–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marks, Gary, Hooghe, Liesbet and Blank, Kermit (1995) European Integration and the State. EUI Working Paper RSC No. 95/7. Florence: European University Institute.Google Scholar
Matlary, Janne Haaland (1996) Energy Policy: From a National to a European Framework? in Wallace, Helen/Wallace, William (eds.), Policy-Making in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 257–277.Google Scholar
Matthies, Klaus (1989) Deregulierung des Energiemarktes? in Mayer, Otto G., Eckart-Scharrer, Hans and Schmahl, Hans-Jürgen (eds.), Der Europäische Binnenmarkt. Perspektiven und Probleme. Hamburg: Verlag Weltarchiv, 175–193.Google Scholar
Mattli, Walter and Slaughter, Anne-Marie (1995) Law and Politics in the European Union: A Reply to Garrett. International Organization 49(1), 183–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGowan, Francis (1993) The Struggle for Power in Europe: Competition and Regulation in EC Electricity Industry. London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs.Google Scholar
Meckstroth, Theodore W. (1975) ‘Most Different System’ and ‘Most Similar Systems’. A Study in the Logic of Comparative Inquiry. Comparative Political Studies 8, 132–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moravcsik, Andrew (1991) Negotiating the Single European Act: National Interests and Conventional Statecraft in the European Community. International Organization 45.(1), 660–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moravcsik, Andrew (1994) Why the European Community Strengthens the State: Domestic Politics and International Cooperation. Paper presented at the Conference of Europeanists, 04 1994, Chicago.Google Scholar
Müller, Harald (1993) Die Chance der Kooperation. Regime in den intemationalen Beziehungen. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.Google Scholar
Nicolaidis, Kalypso (1994) Regulatory Competition under Mutual Recognition. Paper presented at the Conference on The Evolution of Rules for a Single European Market, 8–1110, 1994, Exeter.Google Scholar
Nye, J.S. (1971) Comparing Common Markets: A Revised Neo-Functionalist Model, in Lindberg, Leon N. and Scheingold, Stuart A. (eds.), Regional Integration: Theory and Research. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 192–231.Google Scholar
Ostrom, Elinor (1986) An Agenda for the Study of Institutions. Public Choice 48, 3–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padgett, Stephen (1992) The Single European Energy Market: The Politics of Realization. Journal of Common Market Studies 30, 53–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, John (1995) Policy Networks and European Union Policy Making: A Reply to Kassim. West European Politics 18(2), 389–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierson, Paul (1996) The Path to European Integration: A Historical Institutionalist Perspective. Comparative Political Studies 29(2), 123–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollack, Mark (1996) The New Institutionalism and EC Governance: The Promise, and Limits, of Institutional Analysis. Governance 9(4), 429–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, Adam and Teune, Henry (1985) The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. Malabar: Krieger.Google Scholar
Puchala, Donald J. (1972) Of Blind Men, Elephants and International Integration. Journal of Common Market Studies 10, 267–284.Google Scholar
Ravaioli, Piero and Sandler, Peter (1994) The European Union and Telecommunications: Recent Developments in the Field of Competition. The International Computer Lawyer 2(4), 2–24 (part I). 2(5), 20–34 (part II).Google Scholar
Risse-Kappen, Thomas (1996) Exploring the Nature of the Beast: International Relations Theory and Comparative Policy Analysis Meet the European Union, in Smith, Michael (ed.), The European Union and a Changing European Order. Journal of Common Market Studies Special Issue, 53–80.Google Scholar
Ritter, Kurt Lennart (1994) EC Antitrust Law and Energy, in Hawk, Barry E. (ed.), Antitrust in a Global Economy. Annual Proceedings of the Fordham Corporate Law Institute. Irving-on-Hudson, NY: Transnational Juris Publications, 127–157.Google Scholar
Sandholtz, Wayne (1993) Institutions and Collective Action: The New Telecommunications in Western Europe. World Politics 45, 242–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandholtz, Wayne (1994) International Institutional Theories and European Integration. Paper presented at the XVIth World Congress of the International Political Science Association, 21–2508 1994, Berlin.Google Scholar
Sandholtz, Wayne and Zysman, John (1989) 1992: Recasting the European Bargain. World Politics 42(1) 95–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sartori, Giovanni (1991) Comparing and Miscomparing. Journal of Theoretical Politics 3(3), 243–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sauter, Wolf (1995) The Telecommunications Law of the European Union. European Law Journal 1(1), 92–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scharpf, Fritz W. (1988) The Joint-decision Trap: Lessons from German Federalism and European Integration. Public Administration 66(3), 239–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scharpf, Fritz W. (1994) Community and Autonomy: Multi-level Policy-making in the European Union. Journal of European Public Policy 1(2), 219–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scharpf, Fritz W. (1996) Negative and Positive Integration in the Political Economy of European Welfare States, in Marks, Gary, Scharpf, Fritz W., Schmitter, Philippe C. and Streeck, Wolfgang, Governance in the European Union. London: Sage, 15–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schelling, Thomas C. (1960) The Strategy of Conflict. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schimank, Uwe (1992) Spezifische Interessenkonsense trotz generellem Orientierungsdissens, in Giegel, Hans-Joachim (ed.), Kommunikation und Konsense in modernen Gesellschaften. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp, 236–275.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Susanne K. and Werle, Raymund (1997) Coordinating Technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Schneider, Gerald and Cederman, Lars-Erik (1994) The Change of Tide in Political Cooperation: A Limited Information Model of European Integration. International Organization 48(4), 633–662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, Volker (1991) Organized Interests in the European Telecommunications Sector, in Greenwood, Justin, Grote, Jürgen R. and Ronit, Karsten (eds.), Organized Interests and the European Community. London: Sage, 42–68.Google Scholar
Schneider, Volker, Dang-Nguyen, Godefroy and Werle, Raymund (1994) Corporate Actor Networks in European Policy-Making: Harmonizing Telecommunications Policy. Journal of Common Market Studies 32(4), 474–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, Volker and Werle, Raymund (1990) International Regime or Corporate Actor? The European Community in Telecommunications Policy, in Dyson, Kenneth and Humphreys, Peter (eds.), The Political Economy of Communications. London: Routledge, 77–106.Google Scholar
Schumann, Wolfgang (1991) EG-Forschung und Policy-Analyse. Zur Notwendigkeit, den ganzen Elefanten zu erfassen. Politische Vierteljahresschrift 32(2), 232–257.Google Scholar
Slot, Piet Jan (1994) Energy and Competition. Common Market Law Review 31, 511–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, Eric (1981) Lawyers, Judges, and the Making of a Transnational Constitution. American Journal of International Law 75, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Streeck, Wolfgang (1995) Neo-Voluntarism: A New European Social Policy Regime? European Law Journal 1(1), 31–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, Helen (1993) European Governance in Turbulent Times. Journal of Common Market Studies 31 (3). 293–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, R. Kent (1986) The Politics of Blame Avoidance. Journal of Public Policy 6(4), 371–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wessels, Wolfgang (1992) Staat und (westeuropäische) Integration. Fusionsthese, Die, in Michael Kreile (ed.), Die Integration Europas. Politische Vierteljahresschrift, Sonderheft 23, 36–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilks, Stephen (1992) The Metamorphosis of European Competition Policy. RUSEL Working Paper No. 9. Exeter: University of Exeter.Google Scholar
Zürn, Michael (1995) The Study of European Integration in Political Science. Paper presented at the Summer Institute of the German-American Academic Council on ‘The Political Economy of European Integration’, 7–1808 1995, University of California at Berkeley.Google Scholar