Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T22:19:14.963Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Smokers who seek help in specialized cessation clinics: How special are they compared to smokers in general population?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2013

Andriy V. Samokhvalov ,
Peter Selby ,
Susan J Bondy ,
Michael Chaiton ,
Anca Ialomiteanu ,
Robert Mann  and
Jürgen Rehm
Andriy V. Samokhvalov*
Affiliation:
Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada Addictions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Peter Selby
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Susan J Bondy
Affiliation:
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Michael Chaiton
Affiliation:
Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Anca Ialomiteanu
Affiliation:
Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
Robert Mann
Affiliation:
Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Jürgen Rehm
Affiliation:
Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
*
Corresponding author: Dr. Andriy V. Samokhvalov Centre for Addiction and Mental Health 33 Russell St, T519 M5V3R5, Toronto, OntarioCanada E-mail: andriy.samokhvalov@camh.ca
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Introduction: Patients of specialized nicotine dependence clinics are hypothesized to form a distinct subpopulation of smokers due to the features associated with treatment seeking. The aim of the study was to describe this subpopulation of smokers and compare it to smokers in general population.

Material and methods: A chart review of 796 outpatients attending a specialized nicotine dependence clinic, located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada was performed. Client smoking patterns and sociodemographic characteristics were compared to smokers in the general population using two Ontario surveys – the Ontario Tobacco Survey (n = 898) and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Monitor (n = 457).

Results: Smokers who seek treatment tend to smoke more and be more heavily addicted. They were older, had longer history of smoking and greater number of unsuccessful quit attempts, both assisted and unassisted. They reported lower education and income, had less social support and were likely to live with other smokers.

Conclusions: Smokers who seek treatment in specialized centers differ from the smokers in general population on several important characteristics. These same characteristics are associated with lower chances for successful smoking cessation and sustained abstinence and should be taken into consideration during clinical assessment and treatment planning.

Keywords

Nicotine dependencetreatment seekingsmoking cessationclinical populations
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Smoking Cessation , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , December 2014 , pp. 76 - 84
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams, D. B., Orleans, C. T., Niaura, R., Goldstein, M. G., Prochaska, J. O., & Velicer, W. (1996). Integrating individual and public health perspectives for treatment of tobacco dependence under managed health care: a combined stepped-care and matching model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 18 (4), 290–304.Google Scholar
Bertholet, N., Gaume, J., Faouzi, M., Gmel, G., & Daeppen, J. B. (2012). Predictive value of readiness, importance, and confidence in ability to change drinking and smoking. BMC Public Health, 12, 708. doi: doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-708Google Scholar
Bobak, M., Jha, P., Nguyen, S., & Jarvis, M. (2000). Poverty and smoking. Tobacco control in developing countries: Oxford Medical Publications.Google Scholar
Bulter-Jones, D. (2008). The Chief Public Health Officer's Report on The State of Public Health in Canada 2008. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada.Google Scholar
Cahill, K., Stead, L. F., & Lancaster, T. (2012). Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(4). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub6Google Scholar
Coe, J. W., Rollema, H., & O'Neill, B. T. (2009). Case history: Chantix™/Champix™ (Varenicline Tartrate), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist as a smoking cessation aid. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 44, 71–101.Google Scholar
Cummins, S. E., Bailey, L., Campbell, S., Koon-Kirby, C., & Zhu, S. (2007). Tobacco cessation quitlines in North America: A descriptive study. Tobacco Control, 16(Suppl 1), i9–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diemert, L., Victor, J. C., Chaiton, M., & Bondy, S. J. (2010). Ontario Tobacco Survey Technical Report 1:Baseline Data. Toronto, ON: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit.Google Scholar
Doran, C. M., Valenti, L., Robinson, M., Britt, H., & Mattick, R. P. (2006). Smoking status of Australian general practice patients and their attempts to quit. Addictive Behaviours, 31, 758–766.Google Scholar
Fagerström, K., Russ, C., Yu, C. R., Yunis, C., & Foulds, J. (2012). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence as a predictor of smoking abstinence: A pooled analysis of varenicline clinical trial data. Nicotine and Tobacco Research.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, D., McDonald, P. W., Fong, G. T., & Borland, R. (2004). Do smokers know how to quit? Knowledge and perceived effectiveness of cessation assistance as predictors of cessation behaviour. Addiction, 99 (8), 1042–1048.Google Scholar
Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerström, K. O. (1991). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1119–1127.Google Scholar
Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., Rickert, W., & Robinson, J. (1989). Measuring the heaviness of smoking: Using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day. British Journal of Addiction, 7, 791–800.Google Scholar
Hughes, J. R., Stead, L. F., & Lancaster, T. (2007). Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(1). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000031.pub3Google Scholar
Ialomiteanu, A., & Adlaf, E. A. (2012). CAMH Monitor 2011: Metadata User's eGuide. Toronto, Ontario: Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthGoogle Scholar
Klingemann, H., Sobell, M. B., & Sobell, L. C. (2009). Continuities and changes in self-change research. Addiction. doi: Doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02770.xGoogle Scholar
Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Danaei, G., Shibuya, K., Adair-Rohani, H., . . . Aryee, M. (2013). A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 380 (9859), 2224–2260.Google Scholar
McCaul, K. D., Hockemeyer, J. R., Johnson, R. J., Zetocha, K., Quinlan, K., & Glasgow, R. E. (2006). Motivation to quit using cigarettes: A review. Addiictive Behaviour, 31, 42–56.Google Scholar
Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2002). Motivational Interviewing.In Preparing People for Change. 2nd edition. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Niaura, R., & Abrams, D. B. (2002). Smoking cessation: progress, priorities and prospectus. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70 (3), 494–509.Google Scholar
Okechukwu, C. A., Nguyen, K., & Hickman, N. J. (2010). Partner smoking characteristics: Associations with smoking and quitting among blue collar apprentices. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 53 (11), 1102–1108.Google Scholar
Prochaska, J. O., & Goldstein, M. G. (1991). Process of smoking cessation. Implications for clinicians. Clinics In Chest Medicine, 12 (4), 727–735.Google Scholar
Rehm, J., Gnam, W., Popova, S., Baliunas, D., Brochu, S., Fischer, B., . . . Taylor, B. (2007). The costs of alcohol, illegal drugs, and tobacco in Canada, 2002. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68 (6), 886.Google Scholar
Reid, J., Hammond, D., Burkhalter, R., & Ahmed, R. (2012). Tobacco Use in Canada: Patterns and Trends, 2012 Edition. Waterloo, ON: Propel Centre for Population Health Impact. University of Waterloo.Google Scholar
Selby, P., Voci, S. C., Zawertailo, L. A., George, T. P., & Brands, B. (2010). Individualized smoking cessation treatment in an outpatient setting: Predictors of outcome in a sample with psychiatric and addictions co-morbidity. Addictive Behaviors, 811–817. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.03.020Google Scholar
Stead, L. F., & Lancaster, T. (2012). Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(10). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008286.pub2Google Scholar
Stead, L. F., Perera, R., Bullen, C., Mant, D., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Cahill, K., & Lancaster, T. (2012). Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(11). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, J. M., & Ziedonis, D. (2004). Addressing tobacco among individuals with a mental illness or an addiction. Addictive Behaviors, 29 (6), 1067–1083.Google Scholar
Woolacott, N., Jones, L., Forbes, C., Mather, L., Sowden, A., Song, F., . . . Barton, P. (2002). The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technology Assessment, 6 (16), 245pp.Google Scholar
Zhu, S., MelcerT., J., S T., J., S., Rosbrook, B., & Pierce, J. P. (2000). Smoking cessation with and without assistance: a population-based analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18, 305–311.Google Scholar