Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-2lccl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T12:01:06.249Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Pension Insecurity and Wellbeing in Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2016

JAVIER OLIVERA
Affiliation:
Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER), Maison de Sciences Humaines 11, Porte de Sciences, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette/Belval, Luxembourg email: javier.olivera@liser.lu
VALENTINA PONOMARENKO
Affiliation:
University of Luxembourg, Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette/Belval, Luxembourg. email: valentina.ponomarenko@uni.lu

Abstract

This paper studies pension insecurity in a sample of non-retired individuals aged 50 years or older from 18 European countries. We capture pension insecurity with the subjective expectations on the probability that the government will reduce the pensions of the individual before retirement or will increase the statutory retirement age. We argue that changes in economic conditions and policy affect the formation of such probabilities, and through this, subjective wellbeing. In particular, we study the effects of pension insecurity on subjective wellbeing with pooled linear models, regressions per quintiles and instrumental variables. We find a statistically significant, stable and negative association between pension insecurity and subjective wellbeing. Our findings reveal that the individuals who are more affected by pension insecurity are those who are further away from their retirement, have lower income, assess their life survival as low, have higher cognitive abilities and do not expect private pension payments.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alessie, R., Angelini, V. and van Santen, P. (2013), ‘Pension wealth and household savings in Europe: evidence from SHARELIFE’, European Economic Review 63, 308328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Artz, B. and Kaya, I. (2014), ‘Job insecurity and job satisfaction in the United States: the case of public sector union workers’, Industrial Relations Journal, 45, 103120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, J., Crawford, R. and Tetlow, G. (2015), ‘Annuity choices and income drawdown: evidence from the decumulation phase of defined contribution pensions in England’, Journal of Pensions Economics and Finance 14 (4), 412438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bissonette, L. and van Soest, A. (2012), ‘The future of retirement and the pension system: How the public expectations vary over time and across socio-economic groups’, IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 1, 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonsang, E. and Dohmen, T. (2015), ‘Risk attitude and cognitive aging’, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 112, 112126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bossert, W. and D'Ambrosio, C. (2013), ‘Measuring Economic Insecurity’, International Economic Review, 54, 10171030.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucher-Koenen, T. and Mazzonna, F. (2013), ‘The recent economic crisis and old-age health in Europe’. In Börsch-Supan, A., Brandt, M., Litwin, H. and Weber, G. (eds) Active ageing and solidarity between generations in Europe. First results from SHARE after the economic crisis. De Gruyter, pp. 233242.Google Scholar
Burgard, S.A., Kalousova, L. and Seefeldt, K.S. (2012), ‘Perceived job insecurity and health: The Michigan recession and recovery study’, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 54, 11011106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carr, E. and Chung, H. (2014), ‘Employment insecurity and life satisfaction: The moderating influence of labour market policies across Europe’, Journal of European Social Policy, 24, 383399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, P., Marshall, V. W. and Weir, D. (2012), ‘Unexpected retirement from full time work after age 62: consequences for life satisfaction in older Americans’, European Journal of Ageing, 9, 207219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christelis, D., Jappelli, T., Paccagnella, O. and Weber, G. (2009), ‘Income, wealth and financial fragility in Europe’, Journal of European Social Policy 19 (4), 359376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, R. and Hood, A. (2016), ‘Lifetime Receipt of Inheritances and the Distribution of Wealth in England’, Fiscal Studies 37 (1), 5575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Grip, A., Lindenboom, M. and Montizaan, R. (2012), ‘Shattered Dreams: The Effects of Changing the Pension System Late in the Game’, The Economic Journal, 122, 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deaton, A. (2012), ‘The financial crisis and the well-being of Americans’, Oxford Economic Papers, 64, 126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drahokoupil, J. and Domonkos, S. (2012), ‘Averting the funding-gap crisis: East European pension reforms since 2008’, Global Social Policy, 12, 283299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebbinghaus, B. and Neugschwender, J. (2011), ‘The Public-Private Mix and Old Age Income Inequality in Europe’. In Ebbinghaus, B. (ed), Varieties of Pension Governance, Oxford University Press, pp. 384422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Commission (2009), ‘2009 Ageing Report: Economic and budgetary projections for the EU-27 Member States (2008-2060)’, European Economy, 2-2009. Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs.Google Scholar
European Commission (2012), ‘Monitoring the social impact of the crisis: public perceptions in the European Union (wave 6)’. Eurobarometer Flash Report, 338.Google Scholar
Falba, T. A., Gallo, W. T. and Sindelar, J. L. (2009), ‘Work Expectations, Realizations, and Depression in Older Workers’, The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 12, 175186.Google ScholarPubMed
Frick, J.R. and Grabka, M.M. (2013), Wealth Inequality and the Importance of Public Pension Entitlements. In: Gornick, J.C., Jantti, M. (Eds.), Income Inequality: Economic Disparities and the Middle Class in Affluent Countries. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Gallie, D., Felstead, A., Green, F. and Inanc, H. (2016), The hidden face of job insecurity. Work, Employment & Society. (Online), doi:10.1177/0950017015624399 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhalgh, L. and Rosenblatt, Z. (1984), Job Insecurity: Toward Conceptional Clarity. Academy of Management Review, 9 (3), 438448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hellgren, J. and Sverke, M. (2003), ‘Does job insecurity lead to impaired well-being or vice versa? Estimation of cross-lagged effects using latent variable modelling’, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 24, 215236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hershey, D. A., Henkens, K. and van Dalen, H. P. (2010), ‘What drives retirement income worries in Europe? A multilevel analysis’, European Journal of Ageing, 7, 301311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hyde, M., Wiggins, R., Higgs, P. and Blane, D. (2003), ‘A measure of quality of life in early old age: the theory, development and properties of a needs satisfaction model (CASP-19)’, Aging and Mental Health, 7, 186194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hurd, M. and McGarry, K. (2002), ‘The Predictive Validity of Subjective Probabilities of Survival’, Economic Journal, 112, 966–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurd, M. and Rohwedder, S. (2011), ‘Effects of the Economic Crisis on the Older Population: How Expectations, Consumption, Bequests, and Retirement Responded to Market Shocks’ PRC WP2011-09, Philadelphia, Pension Research Council.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krueger, A. and Schkade, D. (2008), ‘The Reliability of Subjective Well-Being Measures’, Journal of Public Economics, 92, 1833–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lange, T. (2013), ‘Scarred from the past or afraid of the future? Unemployment and job satisfaction across European labour markets’, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24, 10961112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
László, K. D., Pikhart, H., Kopp, M. S., Bobak, M., Pajak, A., Malyutina, S., Salavecz, G. and Marmot, M. (2010), ‘Job insecurity and health: A study of 16 European countries’, Social Science & Medicine, 70, 867874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lübke, C. and Erlinghagen, M. (2014), ‘Self-perceived job insecurity across Europe over time: Does changing context matter?’, Journal of European Social Policy, 24, 319336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lusardi, A. and Mitchell, O.S. (2008), ‘Planning and Financial Literacy: How Do Women Fare?’, American Economic Review, 98, 413417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lusardi, A. and Mitchell, O.S. (2014), ‘The economic importance of financial literacy: theory and Evidence’, Journal of Economic Literature, 52 (1), 544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marx, I., Nolan, B. and Olivera, J. (2015), ‘The Welfare State and Anti-Poverty Policy in Rich Countries’. In Atkinson, A.B. and Bourguignon, F. (eds), Handbook of Income Distribution, Elsevier, pp. 20632140.Google Scholar
Mazzonna, F. and Peracchi, F. (2012), ‘Aging, cognitive abilities, and retirement’, European Economic Review, 56, 691710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzer, H., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., Jenkins, R., McManus, S. and Stansfeld, S. (2010), ‘Job insecurity, socio-economic circumstances and depression’, Psychological Medicine, 40, 14011407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meschi, E., Pasini, G. and Padula, M. (2013), ‘Economic crisis and pathways to retirement’. In Börsch-Supan, A., Brandt, M., Litwin, H. and Weber, G.(eds) Active ageing and solidarity between generations in Europe. First results from SHARE after the economic crisis. De Gruyter, pp. 100110 Google Scholar
Modrek, S., Hamad, R. and Cullen, M.R. (2015), ‘Psychological Well-Being During the Great Recession: Changes in Mental Health Care Utilization in an Occupational Cohort’, American Journal of Public Health, 105, 304310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montizaan, R.M. and Vendrik, M.C.M. (2014), ‘Misery Loves Company: Exogenous shocks in retirement expectations and social comparison effects in subjective well-being’, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 97, 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munnell, A. H. and Rutledge, M. S. (2013), ‘The Effects of the Great Recession on the Retirement Security of Older Workers’, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 650, 124142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Natali, D. and Stamati, F. (2014), ‘Reassessing South European Pensions after the Crisis: Evidence from Two Decades of Reforms’, South European Society and Politics, 19, 309330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OECD (2007), ‘Pensions at a glance: Public policies across OECD countries - Edition 2007’, OECD Publishing, Paris.Google Scholar
OECD (2011), ‘Pensions at a glance: Retirement income systems in OECD and G20 countries - Edition 2011’, OECD Publishing, Paris.Google Scholar
OECD (2013), ‘Pensions at a glance: OECD and G20 indicators - Edition 2013’, OECD Publishing, Paris.Google Scholar
OECD (2014), ‘OECD Pensions Outlook 2014’, OECD Publishing, Paris.Google Scholar
Parker, A. M., Carvalho, L. S. and Rohwedder, S. (2013). ‘Cognitive Ability, Expectations, and Beliefs about the Future: Psychological Influences on Retirement Decisions’ Working Paper, WP 2013–298, Michigan, Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Retirement Research Center.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peracchi, F. and Perotti, V. (2014), ‘Subjective survival probabilities and life tables: Evidence from Europe’., Society of Actuaries, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Shahidi, F. V. (2015), Welfare Capitalism in Crisis: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Labour Market Policy Responses to the Great Recession. Journal of Social Policy, 44 (4), 659686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silla, I., de Cuyper, N., Gracia, F.J., Peiró, J.M. and de Witte, H. (2009), ‘Job Insecurity and Well-Being: Moderation by Employability’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 739–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starke, P., Kaasch, A. and Van Hooren, F. (2014), Political Parties and Social Policy Responses to Global Economic Crises: Constrained Partisanship in Mature Welfare States. Journal of Social Policy, 43 (2), 225246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiglitz, J.E., Sen, A. and Fitoussi, J-P. (2009), ‘Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress’, Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress.Google Scholar
Stock, J. H., Wright, J.H. and Yogo, M. (2002), ‘A survey of weak instruments and weak identification in generalized method of moments’, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 20, 518529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szinovacz, M. E., Martin, L. and Davey, A. (2013), ‘Recession and Expected Retirement Age: Another Look at the Evidence’, The Gerontologist, 54, 245257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A. and Alessie, R. (2012), ‘Financial Literacy, Retirement Planning and Household Wealth’, Economic Journal, 122, 449478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiggins, R. D.; Higgs, P. F. D., Hyde, M. and Blane, D. B. (2004), ‘Quality of life in the third age: key predictors of the CASP-19 measure’, Ageing and Society, 24, 693708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolff, E.N. (2007), ‘The retirement wealth of the baby boom generation’. Journal of Monetary Economics, 54, 140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar