Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T13:42:03.661Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

What Phenomenal Contrast for Bodily Ownership?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2020

FRÉDÉRIQUE DE VIGNEMONT*
Affiliation:
INSTITUT JEAN NICODfrederique.de.vignemont@ens.fr

Abstract

In a 1962 article, ‘On Sensations of Position’, G. E. M. Anscombe claimed that we do not feel our legs crossed; we simply know that they are that way. What about the sense of bodily ownership? Do we directly know that this body is our own, or do we know it because we feel this body that way? One may claim, for instance, that we are we aware that this is our own body thanks to our bodily experiences that ascribe the property of myness to the body that they represent. Here I approach this issue from the perspective of the debate on the admissible content of perception, appealing to the method of phenomenal contrast. After rejecting the myness hypothesis, I criticize alternative accounts of the contrast in somatosensory, cognitive, and agentive terms. I conclude that the phenomenology of ownership consists in the affective awareness of the unique significance of the body for survival.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © American Philosophical Association 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alsmith, Adrian J. T. (2015) ‘Mental Activity and the Sense of Ownership’. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 6, 881–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anscombe, G. E. M. (1957) Intention. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Anscombe, G. E. M. (1962) ‘On Sensations of Position’. Analysis, 223, 5558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aydede, Murat. (ed.) (2009). ‘Is Feeling Pain the Perception of Something?Journal of Philosophy, 106, 531–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baier, Bernhard, and Karnath, Hans-Otto. (2008) ‘Tight Link between Our Sense of Limb Ownership and Self-Awareness of Actions’. Stroke, 39, 486–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartolomeo, Paolo, de Vito, Stefania, and Malkinson, Tal Seidel. (2017) ‘Space-Related Confabulations after Right Hemisphere Damage’. Cortex, 87, 166–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bayne, Tim. (2009) ‘Perception and the Reach of Phenomenal Content’. Philosophical Quarterly, 59, 385404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bermúdez, José Luis. (1998) The Paradox of Self-Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bermúdez, José Luis. (2010) ‘Action and Awareness of Agency: Comments on Chris Frith’. Pragmatics and Cognition, 18, 576–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bermúdez, José Luis. (2011) ‘Bodily Awareness and Self-Consciousness’. In Gallagher, Shaun (ed.), Oxford Handbook of the Self (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 157179.Google Scholar
Bermúdez, José Luis. (2015) ‘Bodily Ownership, Bodily Awareness, and Knowledge without Observation’. Analysis, 75, 3745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bermúdez, José Luis. (2017) ‘Ownership and the Space of the Body’. In de Vignemont, Frédérique and Alsmith, Adrian J. T. (eds.), The Subject's Matter: Self-Consciousness and the Body (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 117–44.Google Scholar
Billon, Alexandre. (2017) ‘Mineness First: Three Challenges to the Recent Theories of the Sense of Bodily Ownership’. In de Vignemont, Frédérique and Alsmith, Adrian J. T. (eds.), The Subject's Matter: Self-Consciousness and the Body (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 189216.Google Scholar
Bisiach, Edoardo, Rusconi, Maria Luisa, and Vallar, Guiseppe (1991) ‘Remission of Somatoparaphrenic Delusion through Vestibular Stimulation’. Neuropsychologia, 29, 1029–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bottini, Gabriella, Bisiach, Edoardo, Sterzi, Roberto, and Vallar, Guiseppe. (2002) ‘Feeling Touches in Someone Else's Hand’. Neuroreport, 13, 249–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Botvinick, Matthew, and Cohen, Jonathan. (1998) ‘Rubber Hands ‘Feel’ Touch That Eyes See’. Nature, 391, 756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bouillaud, Jean-Baptiste. (1825) Traité clinique et physiologique de l'encéphalite, ou inflammation du cerveau, et de ses suites [Clinical and physiological treatment of encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain and its consequences]. Paris: Chez J.-B. Bailliere.Google Scholar
Brewer, Bill. (1995) ‘Bodily Awareness and the Self’. In Bermúdez, José Luis, Marcel, Anthony, and Eilan, Naomi (eds.), The Body and the Self (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 291309.Google Scholar
Chadha, Monima. (2017) ‘No-Self and the Phenomenology of Agency’. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 16, 187205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chadha, Monima. (2018) ‘No-Self and the Phenomenology of Ownership’. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 96(1), 1427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, Jonathan. (1995) Pride and a Daily Marathon. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Cogliano, Rossella, Crisci, Claudio, Conson, Massimiliano, Grossi, Dario, and Trojano, Luigi. (2012) ‘Chronic Somatoparaphrenia: A Follow-Up Study on Two Clinical Cases’. Cortex, 486, 758–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Currie, Gregory, and Ravenscroft, Ian. (2002) Recreative Minds: Imagination in Philosophy and Psychology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dokic, Jérôme. (2003) ‘The Sense of Ownership: An Analogy between Sensation and Action’. In Roessler, Johannes and Eilan, Naomi (eds.), Agency and Self-Awareness: Issues in Philosophy and Psychology (Oxford: Clarendon Press), 321–44.Google Scholar
Dokic, Jérôme, and Martin, Jean-Remy. (2015) ‘“Looks the Same but Feels Different”: A Metacognitive Approach to Cognitive Penetrability’. In Zeimbekis, John and Raftopoulos, Athanassios (eds.), The Cognitive Penetrability of Perception: New Philosophical Perspectives (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 241–67.Google Scholar
Ehrsson, H. Henrik, Wiech, Katja, Weiskopf, Nikolaus, Dolan, Raymond J., and Passingham, Richard E.. (2007) ‘Threatening a Rubber Hand that You Feel Is Yours Elicits a Cortical Anxiety Response’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 9828–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, Hadyn D., and Michael, B. Lewis. (2001) ‘Capgras Delusion: A Window on Face Recognition’. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 54, 149–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallagher, Shaun, and Cole, Jonathan. (1995) ‘Body Schema and Body Image in a Deafferented Subject’. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 16, 369–89.Google Scholar
Gandola, Martina, Invernizzi, Paola, Sedda, Anna, Ferrè, Elisa R., Sterzi, Roberto, Sberna, Maurizio, Paulesu, Eraldo, and Bottini, Gabriella. (2012) ‘An Anatomical Account of Aomatoparaphrenia’. Cortex, 48, 1165–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guillot, Marie, and García-Carpintero, Manuel, eds. (forthcoming) The Sense of Mineness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gendler, Tamar Szabó. (2008) ‘Alief in Action (and Reaction)’. Mind and Language, 23, 552–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graziano, Michael S. A. (2018) The Spaces between Us: A Story of Neuroscience, Evolution, and Human Nature. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Guillot, Marie. (2017) ‘I Me Mine: On a Confusion Concerning the Subjective Character of Experience’. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 8, 2353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harcourt, Edward. (2008) ‘Wittgenstein and Bodily Self-Knowledge’. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 77, 299333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kammers, Marjolein P. M, de Vignemont, Frédérique, Verhagen, Lennart, and Chris Dijkerman, H.. (2009) ‘The Rubber Hand Illusion in Action’. Neuropsychologia, 47, 204–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kinsbourne, Marcel. (1995) ‘Awareness of One's Own Body: An Attentional Theory of Its Nature, Development, and Brain Basis’. In Bermúdez, José Luis, Marcel, Anthony, and Eilan, Naomi (eds.), The Body and the Self (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 205–23.Google Scholar
Longo, Matthew R., Schüür, Friedericke, Kammers, Marjolein P. M., Tsakiris, Manos, and Haggard, Patrick. (2008) ‘What Is Embodiment? A Psychometric Approach’. Cognition, 107, 978–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maravita, Angelo. (2008) ‘Spatial Disorders’. In Cappa, Stefano F., Abutalebi, Jubin, Demonet, Jean-François, Fletcher, Paul C., and Garrard, Peter (eds.), Cognitive Neurology: A Clinical Textbook (New York: Oxford University Press), 89118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchetti, Clelia, and Salla, Sergio Della. (1998) ‘Disentangling the Alien and the Anarchic Hand’. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 3, 191207.Google Scholar
Martin, Michael G. F. (1992) ‘Sight and Touch’. In Crane, Tim (ed.), The Content of Experience: Essays on Perception (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 196215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, Martin G. F. (1995) ‘Bodily Awareness: A Sense of Ownership’. In Bermúdez, José Luis, Marcel, Anthony, and Eilan, Naomi (eds.), The Body and the Self (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 267–90.Google Scholar
McDowell, John. (2011) ‘Anscombe on Bodily Self-Knowledge’. In Ford, Anton, Hornsby, Jennifer, and Stoutland, Frederick (eds.), Essays on Anscombe's Intention (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 128–46.Google Scholar
Moro, Valentina, Zampini, Massimiliano, and Aglioti, Salvatore M.. (2004) ‘Changes in Spatial Position of Hands Modify Tactile Extinction but not Disownership of Contralesional Hand in Two Right Brain-Damaged Patients’. Neurocase, 10, 437–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mylopoulos, Myrto I. (2015) ‘Agentive Awareness Is not Sensory Awareness’. Philosophical Studies, 172, 761–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, James M. (1938) ‘Gerstmann Syndrome: Finger Agnosia, Agraphia, Confusion of Right and Left Hand Acalculia. Comparison of this Syndrome with Disturbance of Body Scheme Resulting from Lesions of the Right Side of the Brain’. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 39, 536–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Shaughnessy, Brian. (1980) The Will: A Dual Aspect Theory. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peacocke, Christopher. (2014) The Mirror of the World: Subjects, Consciousness, and Self-Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peacocke, Christopher. (2017) ‘Philosophical Reflections on the First Person, the Body, and Agency’. In de Vignemont, Frédérique and Alsmith, Adrian J. T. (eds.), The Subject's Matter: Self-Consciousness and the Body (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 289310.Google Scholar
Romano, Daniele, Gandola, Martina, Bottini, Gabriella, and Maravita, Angelo. (2014) ‘Arousal Responses to Noxious Stimuli in Somatoparaphrenia and Anosognosia: Clues to Body Awareness’. Brain, 137, 1213–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rønnow-Rasmussen, Toni. (2011) Personal Value. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwenkler, John. (2013) ‘The Objects of Bodily Awareness’. Philosophical Studies, 162, 465–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serrahima, Carlota. (forthcoming) ‘The Bounded Body’. In Guillot, Marie and García-Carpintero, Manuel (eds.), The Sense of Mineness (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Siegel, Susanna. (2009) ‘The Visual Experience of Causation’. Philosophical Quarterly, 59, 519–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegel, Susanna. (2010) The Contents of Visual Experience. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Spence, Charles, Pavani, Francesco, and Driver, Jon. (2004) ‘Spatial Constraints on Visual-Tactile Cross-Modal Distractor Congruency Effects’. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 4, 148–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vallar, Guiseppe, and Ronchi, Roberta. (2009) ‘Somatoparaphrenia: A Body Delusion. A Review of the Neuropsychological Literature’. Experimental Brain Research, 1923, 533–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Vignemont, Frédérique. (2007) ‘Habeas Corpus: The Sense of Ownership of One's Own Body’. Mind and Language, 22, 427–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Vignemont, Frédérique. (2013) ‘The Mark of Bodily Ownership’. Analysis, 73, 643–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Vignemont, Frédérique. (2018) Mind the Body: An Exploration of Bodily Self-Awareness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Walton, Kendall L. (1978) ‘Fearing Fictions’. Journal of Philosophy, 75, 527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittgenstein, Ludwig. (1968) Philosophical Investigations. Translated by Anscombe, G. E. M.. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wu, Wayne. (forthcoming) ‘Mineness and Introspective Data’. In Guillot, Marie and García-Carpintero, Manuel (eds.), The Sense of Mineness (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar