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Ergativity and Object Movement Across Inuit

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2026

Michelle Yuan
Michelle Yuan*
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
*
Department of Linguistics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0108, La Jolla, CA 92093, [myuan@ucsd.edu]
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Abstract

Although the Inuit language is generally characterized as ergative, it has been observed that the ergative case patterning is relatively weaker in certain Eastern Canadian varieties, resulting in a more accusative appearance (e.g. Johns 2001, 2006, Carrier 2017). This article presents a systematic comparison of ergativity in three Inuit varieties, as a lens into the properties of case alignment and clause structure in Inuit more broadly. Building on the previous insight that ergativity in Inuit is tied to object movement to a structurally high position (Bittner 1994, Bittner & Hale 1996a,b, Woolford 2017), I demonstrate that the relative robustness of the ergative patterning across Inuit is tightly correlated with the permissibility of object movement—and not determined by the morphosyntactic properties of ERG subjects, which are uniform across Inuit. I additionally relate this correlation to another point of variation across Inuit concerning the status of object agreement as affixes vs. pronominal clitics (Yuan 2021). These connections offer testable predictions for the status of ergativity across the entire Inuit dialect continuum and yield crosslinguistic implications for the typology of case alignment, especially in how it interacts with the syntactic position of nominals.

Keywords

Inuitergativitycaseagreementobject shiftclitic doublingsyntactic variation

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Type
Research Article
Information
Language , Volume 98 , Issue 3 , September 2022 , pp. 510 - 551
Copyright
Copyright © 2022 Printed with the permission of Michelle Yuan. © 2022

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Footnotes

*

I am deeply grateful to Susan Idlout, Selma Jararuse, Shirley Kunnuk, Dina Maggo, Jeanine Nowdluk, Jasmine Oolayou, Erin Pameolik, Johnny Qammaniq, Cornelia Tuglavina, Katie Winters, and especially Ragilee Attagootak for discussion of the Inuktitut and Labrador Inuttut data included here, and for sharing their language with me. For further comments and suggestions, I thank Karlos Arregi, Nico Baier, Julien Carrier, Justin Colley, Richard Compton, Amy Rose Deal, Ksenia Ershova, Sabine Iatridou, Alana Johns, David Pesetsky, Norvin Richards, Jerry Sadock, anonymous referees for Language, Language editors John Beavers and Lisa Travis, and audiences at MIT, UC San Diego, UC Santa Cruz, NELS 50, and LSA 2020. This research was financially supported by an SSHRC Doctoral Fellowship and an NSF Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant, and logistically supported by the Nunavut Research Institute and the Nunatsiavut Research Centre. All errors are mine.

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