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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 April 2026
IE *kugh- violates the rules for the consonant structure of Indo-European roots; the development of IE *kugh-ti- to Gmc. *hug-di-, doubtful for other reasons as well, must therefore be rejected. But from the Germanic root *hug- we would expect the *-ti-abstract *huh-ti-; thus *hug-di-, the form actually functioning as abstract to *hug-, must be an analogical formation. *-hug~di-z is built on the stem of the preterite and past participle of *hug-, which in Germanic followed the pattern of the ē-verbs.