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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 March 2026
I am grateful to the following for comments on a draft of this essay: Frederic G. Cassidy, William J. Gedney, Eric Hamp, Herbert Penzi, Warner G. Rice, Michael Silverstein, James Sledd, and Sarah G. Thomason. While I was writing this essay, Gertrude Kurath was unable to meet with me; she died on August 2, 1992.