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HITTITE šanna- ‘One’.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 April 2026
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Sturtevant's translation of KUB XIII 4 (and duplicates), JAOS 54.363-406, renders ša-an-na-pí (XIII 4 III 48) by ‘ashes’, a translation which (404) is suggested merely by the context. The word is a hapax, but fortunately we have the obviously related word šannapili-, and this is more frequently attested in our materials. A study of the latter word leads to conclusions which are of more than usual interest.
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- Copyright © 1935 Linguistic Society of America
References
1 That the cup-bearer is the subject follows from such passages as XXV 1 III 26 discussed below.
2 It has not yet been recognised that these texts belong to the same text which treats a spring festival at Zippalanda. The correspondances are roughly the following :
| KUB XX 28 I : | KUB XXV 2 I : | KUB XI 16 — |
|---|---|---|
| II : | — : | II/III. |
| III : | — : | IV |
| — : | — : | V |
| IV : | — : | — |
| V : | — : | — |
| VI : | VI : | — |
3 Here too it has never been shown that the texts are duplicates. I list the correspondances of the texts, which contain the rites of the AN-TA
-ŠUM-festival of the god Zamama, adding KBo IV 9 which belongs to the same series:
| KBo IV 9 V : | KUB XXV 1 I : | KUB II 5 — |
|---|---|---|
| VI : | II : | — |
| II : | I | |
| III : | I/II | |
| IV : | III | |
| V : | IV/V | |
| VI : | VI |
3 Here too the cup-bearer as above.
4 The measures of the gap cannot be determined precisely.
5 This term is spelled sometimes ŠA(G).DIR (e.g. in KUB V 1 IV 58; V 3; V 5; V 9; V 11), sometimes ŠAG.TIR or ŠA(G).ŠA
H, because the signs TIR and ŠA
H are confused (cf. Friedrich, Staatsverträge des 
Hatti-Reiches 2.172). Also UZU.DIR occurs: KUB V 20 II 13 ff. The Akkadian équivalent is tirānu, spelled TE-RA-NU KUB V 6 II 56 and TE-RA-A-NU ibid. III 70. The meaning of the Akkadian word is ‘convolution of the intestines’; this is perfectly clear from the explanation ir-ru sa-
i-ru-tu ‘meandering entrails’ which Akkadian scholars add to this word (Staatl. Museen Berlin, Die lexikalischen Tafelserien 1 No. 86 II 21 and AJSL 30 text on p. 77 ff. rev. 25). It is furthermore illustrated by the design on a tablet in the British Museum published first by S. Smith in Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 11 plate 13 and repeated by Thureau-Dangin in RA 22.23.
6 Cf. Kleinasiatische Forschungen 1.228, note 4.
7 E. H. Sturtevant, A Comparative Grammar of the Hittite Language §323.
8 The meaning ‘firestick’ is suggested by the context. For pariyanzi cf. Friedrich ZA NF 5.49 f.
9 I was compelled to translate the Hittite verb by different English words: ‘separate’ and ‘deprive’. In my opinion the firestick is compared with the house; in the same way as the burning parts are scattered, the contents of the house shall be scattered. By the way, the semantic development which is observed with šannapileš- reminds one of Latin prīvus and prīvāre, which belong together with prīmus.
10 Sturtevant has convinced me that KA.IZI is not merely an ideographical spelling of Hittite pahhuenas uttar which we have in line 44, but the word listed in Deimel's Sumerian Lexicon under no. 15, 170.
11 For 
at- ‘dry out’, cf. Götze, Madduwattaš 126 with note 3.
12 It may be added that also ša-ni-ya ú-it-ti and ša-ni-ya ši-wa-at 2BoTU 7 10 and 60 resp. possibly contain our word. A translation ‘in an only year’, ‘in an only day’ seems to be suitable. At any rate, Hrozný's interpretation (Arch. Or. 1. 281) is wrong so far as šaniya is concerned.