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Idioms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 February 2026

Geoffrey Nunberg ,
Ivan A. Sag  and
Thomas Wasow
Geoffrey Nunberg*
Affiliation:
Xerox PARC and Stanford University
Ivan A. Sag*
Affiliation:
Stanford University
Thomas Wasow*
Affiliation:
Stanford University
*
Department of Linguistics, Stanford University Stanford, CA: 94305-2150 [nunberg@parc.xerox.com,
sag@csli.Stanford.edu,
wasow@csli.stanford.edu]
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Abstract

In the literature of generative grammar, idiomaticity has been widely identified with noncompositionality. Such a definition fails to recognize several important dimensions of idiomaticity, including, among others, conventionality and figuration. We propose to distinguish IDIOMATICALLY COMBINING EXPRESSIONS (e.g. take advantage, pull strings), whose meanings—while conventional—are distributed among their parts, from IDIOMATIC PHRASES (e.g. kick the hucket, saw logs), which do not distribute their meanings to their components. Most syntactic arguments based on idioms are flawed, we argue, because they treat all idioms as noncompositional. A careful examination of the semantic properties of idioms and the metaphors that many of them employ helps to explain certain intriguing asymmetries in the grammatical and thematic roles of idiomatic noun phrases.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Language , Volume 70 , Issue 3 , September 1994 , pp. 491 - 538
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Linguistic Society of America

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