Hostname: page-component-75d7c8f48-hfkw9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-03-13T18:09:21.940Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Typologically Based Principle of Linearization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2026

Daniel N. Maxwell*
Affiliation:
Technische Universität Berlin

Abstract

A hierarchy is here proposed involving three groups of grammatical categories. For most three-part combinations of these categories—occurring in a specific, very common structural configuration—a rule based on this hierarchy generates two linear orders. It is shown that, on the basis of various cross-linguistic studies, one of the orders so generated is the one found in most languages. The principle proposed is shown to compare favorably with other principles which purport to account for cross-linguistic generalizations about word order.

Information

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 by the Linguistic Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Akmajian, Adrian, and Heny, Frank. 1975. An introduction to the principles of transformational syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Akmajian, Adrian, Steele, Susan; and Wasow, Tom. 1979. The category aux in universal grammar. LI 10. 164.Google Scholar
Akmajian, Adrian, and Wasow, Thomas. 1975. The constituent structure of aux and VP in English. Linguistic Analysis 1. 205–45.Google Scholar
Bechert, Johannes. 1976. Bemerkungen zu Greenbergs ‘Basic order typology’. Papiere zur Linguistik 10. 4966.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1965. Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Dik, Simon. 1982. Some basic principles of functional grammar. XIII International Congress of Linguistics, Tokyo, Preprints of the Plenary Session Papers, 6676.Google Scholar
Friedrich, Paul. 1976. The Devil's case: PIE as Type II. Linguistic studies offered to Joseph Greenberg, ed. by Juilland, Alphonse, 463–80. Saratoga, CA: Anma Libri.Google Scholar
Gazdar, Gerald. 1981. Unbounded dependencies and coördinate structure. LI 12. 155–84.Google Scholar
Givón, Talmy. 1979. On understanding grammar. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph. 1966. Some universals of grammar with particular attention to the order of meaningful elements. Universals of language, ed. by Greenberg, J., 2nd edn., 73113. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Hawkins, John. 1978. Theoretically significant word order patterns of Greenberg's Appendix II, University of Essex, Dept. of Language and Linguistics, Occasional Papers 20. 87150.Google Scholar
Hawkins, John. 1979. Implicational universals as predictors of word order change. Lg. 55.618–48.Google Scholar
Hinds, John. 1975. Is there a VP in Japanese? Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.Google Scholar
Hudson, Richard. 1982. Word grammar. XIII International Congress of Linguists, Tokyo, Preprints of the Plenary Session Papers, 7786.Google Scholar
Keenan, Edward. 1974. The functional principle: Generalizing the notion of 'Subject of. CLS 10. 298308.Google Scholar
Keenan, Edward. 1980. Lectures presented at Trier Linguistic Workshop.Google Scholar
Keenan, Edward. 1982. Parametric variation in universal grammar. Issues in the theory of universal grammar, ed. by Dirven, René & Radden, Gunter, 1175. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Radden, Gunter, and Comrie, Bernard. 1977. Noun Phrase Accessibility and universal grammar. LI 8. 6399.Google Scholar
Keenan, Edward. 1979. Data on the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy. Lg. 55.333–51.Google Scholar
Lehmann, Winfred P. 1973. A structural principle of language and its implications. Lg. 49.4766.Google Scholar
Lehmann, Winfred P. 1974. Proto-Indo-European syntax. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Lesser, Ruth. 1978. Linguistic investigations of aphasia. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Li, Charles. 1975 (ed.) Word order and word order change. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Martinet, André. 1962. A functional view of language. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Maxwell, Daniel N. 1977. Coördinate deletion and the position of aux. Proceedings of the 1976 Mid-America Linguistics Conference (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota), 223–36.Google Scholar
Maxwell, Daniel N. 1979. A cross-linguistic correlation between word order and case marking. Indiana University dissertation.Google Scholar
Meissner-Andresen, Jutta. 1979. Dänisch für Anfänger. Berlin: Langenscheidt.Google Scholar
Pullum, Geoffrey. 1981. Languages with object before subject: A comment and a catalogue. Linguistics n.s. 19.147–57.Google Scholar
Ross, John R. 1969a. Constraints on variables in syntax. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.Google Scholar
Ross, John R. 1969b. Auxiliaries as main verbs. Studies in philosophical linguistics, 1, ed. by Todd, William, 77102. Evanston, IL: Great Expectations.Google Scholar
Sanders, Gerald. 1972. Equational grammar. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, Gerald. 1980. Equational rules and rule functions in syntax. Current approaches to syntax, ed. by Moravcsik, Edith A. & Wirth, Jessica R. (Syntax and semantics, 13), 231–67. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Arthur. 1975. Verb anchoring and verb movement. In Li, 439–62.Google Scholar
Vennemann, Theo. 1974. Topics, subjects, and word order: From SXV to SVX via TVX. Historical linguistics, ed. by Anderson, John M. & Jones, Charles, 1. 339–76. Amsterdam: North-Holland.Google Scholar
Vennemann, Theo. 1975. An explanation of drift. In Li, 269305.Google Scholar