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Oral Health of Sambaqui Groups in Saquarema, Brazil
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 March 2023
Abstract
This article presents differences and similarities in dietary practices of fisher-gatherer groups excavated from two sambaquis (shell-mound archaeological sites) in Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. We analyzed the buccal apparatus of 35 individuals excavated from Sambaqui da Beirada, dated from 5437 to 3440 years cal BP, and Sambaqui do Moa, dated from 4770 to 3199 years cal BP. Our oral health analysis of 852 alveoli and 704 teeth assessed the frequency and degree of teeth wear and the prevalence and frequency of caries, linear enamel hypoplasia, calculus, periapical cavities, and antemortem teeth loss. We applied the chi-square test and Fisher exact test to test statistical significance. Severe tooth wear, the absence of caries, a high frequency and prevalence of dental calculus, and a low prevalence of linear enamel hypoplasia were found in both sites, although periapical cavities and antemortem teeth loss indexes varied greatly. Despite a superficial homogeneity, the results point to variation in the physiopathological processes that occurred at both sites, including differences related to age and sex. These oral health-related results, together with other archaeological data from both sambaquis, showcase the expected cultural differences stemming from dietary practices.
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar las diferencias y similitudes en las prácticas dietéticas, de grupos de pescadores-recolectores excavados en dos sambaquis (sitios arqueológicos de conchas) ubicados en Saquarema, estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. El aparato bucal de 35 individuos excavados en el Sambaqui Beirada, fechado entre 5437 y 3440 años cal AP, y el Sambaqui del Moa, fechados entre 4770 y 3199 años cal AP, fueron analizados para lograr tal objetivo. El análisis de la salud oral de 852 alvéolos y 704 dientes incluyó la frecuencia del grado de desgaste de los dientes, la prevalencia y la frecuencia de caries, la hipoplasia lineal del esmalte, el cálculo, las cavidades periapicales y la pérdida de dientes antemortem. Se aplicaron la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher para probar la significación estadística. En ambos sitios se encontró desgaste dental severo, ausencia de caries, alta frecuencia y prevalencia de cálculo dental y baja prevalencia de hipoplasia lineal del esmalte. Además, las cavidades periapicales y los índices de pérdida de dientes antemortem variaron enormemente. A pesar de una homogeneidad superficial, los resultados apuntan a la variación en los procesos fisiopatológicos que sucedieron en ambos sitios, incluyendo diferencias relacionadas con la edad y el sexo. Los resultados relacionados con la salud oral, junto con otros datos arqueológicos de ambos sambaquis, muestra las diferencias culturales esperadas en torno a las prácticas dietéticas.
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