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The Thorny Oyster and the Origins of Empire: Implications of Recently Uncovered Spondylus Imagery from Chan Chan, Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Joanne Pillsbury
Joanne Pillsbury*
Affiliation:
Sainsbury Research Unit for the Arts of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, Sainsbury Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, and the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC 20565
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Abstract

The acquisition and use of exotic, valuable, and ritually important elite goods is a prominent feature of many imperial political economies. After an extensive review of the archaeological and documentary sources on one specific valuable in the empire of Chimor, this paper analyzes the visual representation of such goods, an aspect seldom addressed by archaeologists. An architectural relief recently excavated at Chan Chan, the capital of Chimor, sheds new light on the use of exotic materials and long-distance trade and exchange along the Pacific coast of South America in the late Prehispanic period. This relief, named "Los Buceadores" (The Divers) for the principal imagery depicting Spondylus divers, is important for elucidating the role of this valuable in the early development of the Chimú empire. It is argued that the Chimú rulers sponsored a long-distance exchange network during an early stage of the expansion of the Chimú polity and that the fruits of this network, particularly Spondylus, formed a critical element in the formation and maintenance of the ritual and economic basis of power for the expanding state.

Uno rasgo importante de muchas economías políticas imperiales es la adquisición y uso de bienes exóticos de gran valor e importancia ritual para las élites. Después de reseñar los datos arqueológicos y las fuentes documentales que hay sobre uno de estos bienes en el imperio de Chimor, este trabajo analiza su representación visual, un procedimento poco abordado por los arqueólogos. Un relieve arquitectónico en barro recientemente descubierto en Chan Chan, la capital Chimú, provee nuevas perspectivas sobre el uso de bienes exóticos y sobre el comercio e intercambio a larga distancia durante el periodo Prehispánico tardío en el litoral Pacífico de Sudamérica. El relieve, llamado "Los Buceadores" por el tema principal que representa buscadores de Spondylus, es de gran relevancia para dilucidar el papel que esta concha desempeñó en el desarrollo temprano del imperio de Chimor. Se propone aquí que los gobernantes Chimú financiaban una red de intercambio a larga distancia durante un estadío temprano de la expansión del imperio, y que los beneficios de esa red comercial, y particularmente de la concha Spondylus, constituyeron un elemento de suma importancia en la formación y mantenimiento de las bases económicas y rituales del poder sobre el que se sustentaba la expansión del estado.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 7 , Issue 4 , December 1996 , pp. 313 - 340
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1996

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References

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