Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-15T00:20:54.578Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Politics of Private Violence: How Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Influences Political Attitudes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2022

Helen Rabello Kras*
Affiliation:
Helen Rabello Kras is an assistant professor in the Department of History, Politics, and Political Economy at Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA. hrabellokras@regis.edu

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between personal experience with intimate partner violence (IPV) and political attitudes. I argue that by adopting salient legislation on violence against women, the state enables survivors to evaluate government performance on the basis of their ability to access resources for victims. As such, when survivors are unable to reach specialized public services, they might downgrade their evaluations of government performance. Focusing on Brazil and using survey data and qualitative interviews, this study finds that IPV survivors who have not used specialized services hold more negative views of government performance compared to nonvictims. Further analysis, including a series of placebo tests, lends additional support to the main results. This study has an intersectional component, as it also examines the relationship between race and access to services. These findings have implications for victims’ democratic rights and access to justice.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the University of Miami

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alegretti, Laís. 2021. Defesa do direito da mulher não pertence à esquerda, diz líder da Bancada Feminina no Senado. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-57120977 Google Scholar
Amstadter, Amanda B. and Vernon, Laura L.. 2008. Emotional Reactions During and After Trauma: A Comparison of Trauma Types. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 1, 16: 291408.Google Scholar
Araújo, Victor, and Gatto, Malu A. C.. 2021. Can Conservatism Make Women More Vulnerable to Violence? Comparative Political Studies 55, 1: 122–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arceneaux, Kevin. 2006. The Federal Face of Voting: Are Elected Officials Held Accountable for the Functions Relevant to Their Office? Political Psychology 27, 5: 731–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bateson, Regina. 2012. Crime Victimization and Political Participation. American Political Science Review 106, 3: 570–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batson, Daniel C., Chao, Mary C., and Givens, Jeffrey M.. 2009. Pursuing Moral Outrage: Anger at Torture. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45, 1: 155–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth, John A., and Seligson, Mitchell A.. 2007. The Legitimacy Puzzle in Latin America: Political Support and Democracy in Eight Nations. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brysk, Alison. 2018. The Struggle for Freedom from Fear: Contesting Violence Against Women at the Frontiers of Globalization. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, Andrea L. 2012. Policy Makes Mass Politics. Annual Review of Political Science 15, 1: 333–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carone, Renata R. 2018. A atuação do movimento feminista no legislativo federal: Caso da Lei Maria da Penha. Lua Nova Revista de Cultura e Política 105: 181216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carreras, Miguel. 2013. The Impact of Criminal Violence on Regime Legitimacy in Latin America. Latin American Research Review 48, 3: 85107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clavery, Elisa, Calgaro, Fernanda, Garcia, Gustavo, and Felipe Barbiéri, Luiz. 2021. Lei Mariana Ferrer: Câmara aprova projeto que pune ofensa a vítima durante julgamento. G1 Globo News, March 18. https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2021/03/18/lei-mariana-ferrer-camara-aprova-projeto-que-pune-ofensa-a-vitima-durante-julgamento.ghtml Google Scholar
Córdova, Abby. 2009. Methodological Note: Measuring Relative Wealth Using Household Asset Indicators. AmericasBarometer Insights 6: 19.Google Scholar
Córdova, Abby, and Kras, Helen. 2020. Addressing Violence Against Women: The Effect of Women’s Police Stations on Police Legitimacy. Comparative Political Studies 53, 5: 775808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Córdova, Abby, and Kras, Helen. 2022. State Action to Prevent Violence Against Women: The Effect of Women’s Police Stations on Men’s Attitudes Toward Gender-based Violence. Journal of Politics 84, 1: 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Data Popular and Instituto Patrícia Galvão. 2013. Percepção da sociedade sobre violência e assassinatos de mulheres. Survey. Agência Patrícia Galvão. https://dossies.agenciapatriciagalvao.org.br/dados-e-fontes/pesquisa/percepcao-da-sociedade-sobre-violencia-e-assassinatos-de-mulheres-data-popularinstituto-patricia-galvao-2013/ Google Scholar
Easton, David. 1975. A Re-Assessment of the Concept of Political Support. British Journal of Political Science 5, 4: 435–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fearon, James, and Hoeffler, Anke. 2015. Conflict and Violence: Benefits and Costs of the Conflict and Violence Targets for the Post-2015 Development Agenda. Working paper. Copenhagen Consensus Center. https://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/sites/default/files/conflict_assessment_-_hoeffler_and_fearon.pdf Google Scholar
Fernández, Brenda. 2021. Casa de acolhimento de mulheres Mirabal, em Porto Alegre, tem luz cortada. Correio do Povo. Casa de acolhimento de mulheres Mirabal, em Porto Alegre, tem luz cortada (correiodopovo.com.br)Google Scholar
Fournier, Patrick, Blais, André, Nadeau, Richard, Gidengil, Elisabeth, and Nevitte, Neil. 2003. Issue Importance and Performance Voting. Political Behavior 25, 1: 5167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franceschet, Susan. 2010. Explaining Domestic Violence Policy Outcomes in Chile and Argentina. Latin American Politics and Society 52, 3: 129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gélineau, François, and Remmer, Karen L.. 2006. Political Decentralization and Electoral Accountability: The Argentine Experience, 1983–2001. British Journal of Political Science 36, 1: 133–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gusmano, Michael K., Schlesinger, Mark, and Thomas, Tracy. 2002. Policy Feedback and Public Opinion: The Role of Employer Responsibility on Social Policy. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 27, 5: 731–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hofmeister, Naira, and Fleck, Giovana. 2021. Bolsonaro não usou um terço dos recursos aprovados para políticas para mulheres desde 2019. Folha de São Paulo, August 19. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2021/08/bolsonaro-nao-usou-um-terco-dos-recursos-aprovados-para-politicas-para-mulheres-desde-2019.shtml Google Scholar
Htun, Mala, and Jensenius, Francesca. 2020. Fighting Violence Against Women: Laws, Norms, and Challenges Ahead. Daedalus 149, 1: 144–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Htun, Mala, and Weldon, S. Laurel. 2012. The Civic Origins of Progressive Policy Change: Combating Violence Against Women in Global Perspective, 1975–2005. American Political Science Review 106, 3: 548–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudson, Valerie M., Bowen, Donna L., and Nielsen, Perpetua L.. 2011. What Is the Relationship Between Inequity in Family Law and Violence Against Women? Approaching the Issue of Legal Enclaves. Politics & Gender 7: 453–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jewkes, Rachel, Flood, Michael, and Lang, James. 2015. From Work with Men and Boys to Changes of Social Norms and Reduction of Inequities in Gender Relations. Lancet 385: 1580–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jordan, Carol E., Campbell, Rebecca, and Follingstad, Diane. 2010. Violence and Women’s Mental Health: The Impact of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 6: 607–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kasturirangan, Aarati, Krishnan, Sandhya, and Riger, Stephanie. 2004. The Impact of Culture and Minority Status on Women’s Experience of Domestic Violence. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 5, 4: 318–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keshet, Hadar, Foa, Edna B., and Gilboa-Schechtman, Eva. 2019. Women’s Self-Perceptions in the Aftermath of Trauma: The Role of Trauma-Centrality and Trauma-Type. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 11, 5: 542–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kras, Helen R. 2021. The Political Consequences of State Action on Violence Against Women: How Victims and Nonvictims Form Opinions About Government. Ph.D. diss., University of Kentucky.Google Scholar
Kreft, Anne-Kathrin. 2019. Responding to Sexual Violence: Women’s Mobilization in War. Journal of Peace Research 56, 2: 220–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krehbiel, Patricia J., and Cropanzano, Russell. 2000. Procedural Justice, Outcome Favorability and Emotion. Social Justice Research 13, 4: 339–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, Alan J., Eadehb, Fade R., and Hanson, Emily J.. 2019. Anger and Its Consequences for Judgment and Behavior. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. Olsen, James. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
León, Sandra. 2012. How Do Citizens Attribute Responsibility in Multilevel States? Learning, Biases and Asymmetric Federalism. Electoral Studies 31: 120–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merry, Sally E. 2003. Rights Talk and the Experience of Law: Implementing Women’s Human Rights to Protection from Violence. Human Rights Quarterly 25, 2: 343–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell-Walthour, Gladys. 2017. Economic Pessimism and Racial Discrimination in Brazil. Journal of Black Studies 48, 7: 675–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montero, Alfred. 2001. After Decentralization: Patterns of Intergovernmental Conflict in Argentina, Brazil, Spain, and Mexico. Publius: The Journal of Federalism 31, 4: 4364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mullinix, Kevin, Bolsen, Toby, and Norris, Robert J.. 2021. The Feedback Effects of Controversial Police Use of Force. Political Behavior 43: 881–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumann, Pamela. 2017. When Laws Are Not Enough: Violence Against Women and Bureaucratic Practice in Nicaragua. Social Forces 95, 3: 11051225.Google Scholar
O’Donnell, Guillermo. 1993. On the State, Democratization and Some Conceptual Problems: A Latin American View with Glances at Some Post-Communist Countries. World Development 21, 8: 1355–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliveira, Sabrina S., Rodrigues, Thais R., and Aguiar, Tassiany M.. 2016. A violência contra a mulher negra: feminicídio. Encontro de Iniciação Científica 12, 12: 115.Google Scholar
Overstreet, Nicole M., and Quinn, Diane M.. 2013. The Intimate Partner Violence Stigmatization Model and Barriers to Help-Seeking. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 35, 1: 109–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ríos, Elizabeth. 2020. Policía de género en el Edomex contribuye a prevenir la violencia contra mujeres. El Sol de Toluca, November 19.Google Scholar
Roggeband, Conny. 2016. Ending Violence Against Women in Latin America: Feminist Norm Setting in a Multilevel Context. Politics & Gender 12, 1: 143–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohrschneider, Robert, and Whitefield, Stephen. 2009. Understanding Cleavages in Party Systems Issue Position and Issue Salience in 13 Post-Communist Democracies. Comparative Political Studies 42, 2: 280313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roseman, Ira J. 2018. Functions of Anger in the Emotion System. In The Function of Emotions: When and Why Emotions Help Us, ed. Lench, Heather C.. New York: Springer. 141–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuels, David. 2006. Sources of Mass Partisanship in Brazil. Latin American Politics and Society 48, 2: 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saxton, Michael D., Jaffe, Peter G., and Olszowy, Laura. 2020. The Police Role in Domestic Homicide Prevention: Lessons from a Domestic Violence Death Review Committee. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37, 3–4: 120.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 1985. War Making and State Making as Organized Crime. In Bringing the State Back In, ed. Evans, Peter, Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, and Skocpol, Theda. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 169–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United Nations. 2015. The World’s Women 2015: Trends and Statistics.Google Scholar
United Nations Women. 2012. Handbook for Legislation on Violence Against Women. New York. UNW_Legislation-Handbook pdf.pdf (unwomen.org)Google Scholar
Watts, Charlotte, and Zimmerman, Catty. 2002. Violence Against Women: Global Scope and Magnitude. Lancet 259: 1232–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Kras supplementary material

Kras supplementary material

Download Kras supplementary material(File)
File 157.1 KB