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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 October 2022
This research note is based on data collected from nineteenth-century manuscript census returns for San Antonio, Texas. It is part of a larger project to study the urban family history of four Southwestern towns: Los Angeles, California; Tucson, Arizona; Sante Fe, New Mexico; and San Antonio, Texas. Founded as Spanish pueblos, they were the largest Mexican settlements in the borderlands before the Anglo-American conquest, and they developed into important trading and commercial centers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Moreover, these towns have become important urban magnets for the Spanish-speaking people of the Southwest. Since World War II the barrios of Los Angeles and San Antonio have been especially influential in the cultural and political development of the Chicano movement, yet little is known about the early social history of these ethnic enclaves.
1. The major published works in Mexican-American urban history can be found listed in Luis Lobardo Arroyo, ed., A Bibliography of Recent Chicano History Writings, 1970–1975 (Los Angeles: Chicano Studies Center, UCLA, 1975). See also articles and books listed in section 12, E, F in Juan Gomez Quiñones and Albert Camarillo, eds., Selected Bibliography for Chicano Studies (Los Angeles: Chicano Studies Center, UCLA, 1975). More recent publications in this field have been Ricardo Romo, “Work and Restlessness: Occupational and Spacial Mobility among Mexicans in Los Angeles, 1918–1928,” Pacific Historical Review 46, no. 2 (1977): 157–81; Pedro Castillo, “Urbanization, Migration and the Chicanos, 1900–1920,” Aztlan: historia contemporania del pueblo chicano, eds. David Maciel and Patricia Bueno (México D.F.: Sepsetentas, 1976).
2. Norman H. Nie et al., SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (New York: McGraw Hill Inc., 1975).
3. “… If the person can read and write a foreign language, he is to be considered as able to read and write.” “Instructions to Marshalls and Assistants,” U.S. House of Representatives, House Miscellaneous Documents, 2nd session, 32nd Congress, 7th Census 1850, “An Appendix Embracing Notes on the Tables of Each of the States” (Washington, D.C.: Robert Armstron, Public Printer, 1853), p. xxii.
4. See Leo Grebler et al., The Mexican American People: The Nation's Second Largest Minority (New York: The Free Press, 1970), pp. 165, 191–93, 219 passim. Generally Grebler's study concludes that factors other than country of birth play a large role in socioeconomic mobility and acculturation.
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