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The Making of a Revolutionary: A Fidel Castro Bibliography (1947-1958)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 October 2022
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Understand the cuban revolutionary process it is Necessary to comprehend the milieu in which Fidel Castro acquired his political ideas and the manner in which he led the revolutionary struggle against the Batista regime. Recognizing these factors, the authors have prepared this bibliography in order to offer a tool for the scholarly analysis of Fidel Castro over a twelveyearperiod, from 1947 to January 1959.
Prior to 1952, writings by Fidel Castro are sketchy and hard to find. For instance, in the early 1940's, Fidel was a university leader and participated in a political group called Union Insurreccional Revolucionaria, but most of his speeches were not transcribed or recorded. Furthermore, in 1950-1951, he travelled throughout Cuba speaking on behalf of the Partido del Pueblo Cubano.Copies of the speeches were kept, but we have been unable to consult them because many were published in the Havana newspapers Aleria and La Calle, neither of which can be found in the United States.
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- Copyright © 1970 by the University of Texas Press
References
1947
1. “Declaraciones del Directorio Universitario,” Diario de la Marina, Jan. 21, 1947, 1.Google Scholar
A call to Cuba's youth to oppose the reelectoral ambitions of Auténtico leader Ramón Grau San Martín.Google Scholar
1948
Denial of participation in the assassination of student leader Manolo Castro.Google Scholar
2. “Primeros pasos del movimiento latinoamericano contra el coloniaje europeo en este continente,” Bohemia, March 17, 1957, 62–63.Google Scholar
Position paper presented to the University Federation of Students at the University of Havana in 1948 on European colonialism in Latin America.Google Scholar
1949
Speech at a rally calling for militant opposition to any increases in bus fares.Google Scholar
1951
Letter writen in Dec. 1951, as a Christmas gretting to an Ortodoxo senator.Google Scholar
1952
5. “¡Revolución no, zarpazo!,” El Acusador (mimeographed leaflet), March 13, 1952, 1. Denunciation of Batista's coup.Google Scholar
6. “Al Tribunal de Urgencia,” Granma, July 26, 1966, 5. Brief presented on March 24, 1952, to the Urgency Court calling for the punishment, through the use of the legal system, of those who participated in the military coup.Google Scholar
7. “Yo acuso,” El Acusador (mimeographed leaflet), Aug. 16, 1952. An indictment of the Batista administration.Google Scholar
8. “Recuento crítico del P.P.C.” El Acusador (mimeographed leaflet), Aug. 16, 1952, 1–2. Summary of the history of the Partido del Pueblo Cubano and its weak stand toward Batista.Google Scholar
1953
9. “Asaltado y destruido el estudio del escultor Fidalgo,” Bohemia, Feb. 8, 1953, 66, 81. First article written by Castro in the national magazine Bohemia, exposing the destruction of the studio of an Ortodoxo militant by the police.Google Scholar
10. “Este movimiento triunfará,” Verde Olivo, July 26, 1964, 5. Speech delivered to the men who were to attack the Moncada Barracks on July 26, 1953.Google Scholar
11. “Carta al Tribunal de Urgencia,” Bohemia, July 27, 1962, 67. Letter to the Urgency Court written on Sept. 26, 1953, from prison, stating the maneuvers used in order not to allow Castro to defend himself.Google Scholar
12. History Will Absolve Me (New York: L. Stuart, 1961), 79p. Well-known pamphlet which allegedly reproduces the defense plea made by Fidel Castro on Oct. 16, 1953. There are no transcripts of the trial in existence.Google Scholar
1955
13. “Declaraciones al salir de prisión,” El Mundo, May 17, 1955, p. A8. Statement made after leaving prison on May 15, 1955.Google Scholar
14. “Que se prueben en mi persona las garantías que ha prometido el gobierno,” Diario de la Marina, May 17, 1955, 1. Skeptical viewpoint on the existence of political rights made in an interview with Cuba's conservative daily.Google Scholar
15. “You soy un combatiente sin odios ni resentimientos,” Bohemia, May 22, 1955, 22, 73. Press conference announcing his future political plans.Google Scholar
16. “Declaraciones sobre el arresto de Pedro Miret,” El Mundo, May 25, 1955, 1. Press release denouncing the lack of freedom for the opposition.Google Scholar
17. “¡Mientes Chaviano!,” Bohemia, May 29, 1955, 57, 95–96. Virulent article attacking the statements made by the officer who was in charge of the Moncada Barracks when the attack occurred in 1953.Google Scholar
Comments on a speech made by Fulgencio Batista some days earlier.Google Scholar
19. “Lo que iba a decir y me prohibieron,” La Calle, June 8, 1955, 3. Article asking the people to materially support the newspaper in which he writes.Google Scholar
20. “Frente al terror, frente al crimen,” La Calle, June 11, 1955, 3. Article denouncing terrorist tactics.Google Scholar
21. “Carta denuncia de la oposición pacífica a Batista,” Diario de la Marina, Jan. 5, 1959, 1. Letter addressed to opposition leaders on July 5, 1955, in which Castro states it is impossible to continue waging a peaceful struggle against the Batista dictatorship and announces his departure from the island.Google Scholar
22. “Manifesto No. 1 del 26 de Julio al pueblo de Cuba,” Pensamiento Critico, No. 21, 1968, 207–220. Manifesto issued on Aug. 8, 1955, from Mexico, outlining his revolutionary goals.Google Scholar
23. “Discurso en New York,” Bohemia, Nov. 6, 1955, 59, 82–83. Speech to Cuban emigrés reasserting the need for radical change in the island.Google Scholar
24. “Sirvo a Cuba,” Bohemia, Nov. 20, 1955, 59, 81–83. Reply to an article published in Bohemia which accused him of aiding the Batista dictatorship by espousing an insurrectional thesis to solve Cuba's problems.Google Scholar
25. “Discurso en el Teatro Flager,” Bohemia, Dec. 4, 1955, 78–80. Speech analyzing the moves by the opposition to find a peaceful solution.Google Scholar
26. “Manifiesto No. 2, del 26 de Julio al pueblo de Cuba,” Pensamiento Crítico, No. 21, 1968, 221–227. Manifesto of Dec. 10, 1955, describing his activities among exile circles in the United States, and defining the 26th of July Movement.Google Scholar
1956
27. “¡Frente a todos!,” Bohemia, Jan. 8, 1956, 81-82, 89. Article written on Dec. 25, 1955, discussing the plots made against him in order to undermine his rebelliousness.Google Scholar
28. “Carta a Celestino Rodríguez,” Revolución, Feb. 2, 1959, 1. Letter of Feb. 12, 1956, summarizing the procedures to be used to organize patriotic clubs in exile.Google Scholar
29. “La condenación que se nos pide,” Bohemia, March 11, 1956, 59–60. Article commenting on political developments in Cuba.Google Scholar
30. “El movimiento 26 de Julio,” Bohemia, April 1, 1956, 54, 70–71. Article announcing the creation of the 26th of July Movement in Mexico.Google Scholar
31. “Declaración desde México,” Bohemia, July 1, 1956, 62. Statement on the arrest of Cuban revolutionaries by Mexican authorities.Google Scholar
32. “¡Basta ya de mentiras!,” Bohemia, July 15, 1956, 84. Article denying links with communists.Google Scholar
33. “Pacto de México,” El País, Sept. 3, 1956, 1. Political pact signed by Castro and the leader of the Directorio Revolucionario in August 1956.Google Scholar
34. “Entrevista en México,” El Mundo, Aug. 7, 1956, pp. 1, A10. Interview outlining a change in tactics.Google Scholar
35. “Carta sobre Trujillo,” Bohemia, Sept. 2, 1956, 35, 82–83. Letter of Aug. 26, 1956, denying any connection with the dictator of the Dominican Republic.Google Scholar
36. “Entrevista con Benjamín de la Vega,” Alerta, Nov. 19, 1956. Interview given a few days before leaving Mexico for Cuba.Google Scholar
37. “An Expression of Gratitude,” Gramma, Jan. 6, 1969, 9. Letter of Dec. 25, 1956, giving thanks to a peasant who helped Castro and his followers after landing on the island.Google Scholar
1957
38. “Al pueblo de Cuba,” Bohemia, July 28, 1957, 69, 96–97. Manifesto by Fidel Castro, Raúl Chibás, and Felipe Pazos released on July 12, 1957, calling on the people to fight against tyranny. A proposal is made on steps to be taken by the opposition.Google Scholar
39. “Carta a Frank País,” Granma, July 7, 1968, 9. Letter of July 21, stating the high morale of the guerrillas and commenting on the struggle waged in Santiago de Cuba.Google Scholar
Radio broadcast of Aug. 1, 1957, made after the assassination of Frank País, leader of the urban underground.Google Scholar
41. “Carta a la Junta Cubana de Liberación,” Verde Olivo, Jan. 5, 1964, 33–39. Dec. 14, 1957, document opposing the agreements reached by the opposition groups in exile.Google Scholar
1958
42. “Carta a los rebeldes de Las Villas,” Bohemia, March 6, 1960, 56. Letter of Feb. 2, 1958, affirming the sincere solidarity the Sierra Maestra guerrillas have toward those who opened a new front in the center of the island.Google Scholar
43. “Why We Fight,” Coronet, Feb. 1958, 80–86. Article for American consumption playing down the radicalism of the 26th of July Movement.Google Scholar
44. “Interview with Andrew St. George,” Look, Feb. 4, 1958. Interview with an American reporter in which Castro answers numerous questions related to United States-Cuban relations.Google Scholar
45. “Carta al Che,” Verde Olivo, Jan. 12, 1964, 7–8. Feb. 16, 1958, message advising Che to be careful in his military campaign.Google Scholar
46. “Orden militar ascendiendo a comandante a Juan Almeida,” Verde Olivo, March 17, 1968, 7. Document of Feb. 27, 1958, making Juan Almeida a major in the Rebel Army.Google Scholar
47. “Fidel rechaza la componenda del Episcopado con Batista,” Revolución, July 26, 1962, 9. March 9, 1958, statement dismissing the proposals for a peaceful solution to Cuba's problem made by the Cuban church.Google Scholar
48. “Entrevista con Jorge Massetti,” Revista Elite, April 12, 1958. Interview with an Argentine journalist in which the general goals of the revolutionary movement are outlined.Google Scholar
49. “Mensaje a Camilo Cienfuegos,” Verde Olivo, Oct. 29, 1960, 22. Letter of April 16, 1958, appointing Camilo Cienfuegos as major of the Rebel Army and outlining the military strategy to be followed.Google Scholar
50. “Con Fidel Castro na ‘zona da morte,‘” O Cruzeiro, May 3, 1958, 40–45. Interview with Carlos María Gutiérrez in which the political and social goals of the 26th of July Movement are stated.Google Scholar
51. “Ataque y toma del Cuartel de Uvero,” Revolución, Aug. 1, 1962, 10. Radio broadcast of May 28, 1958, describing the battle of Uvero and the revolutionary strategy of the Rebel Army.Google Scholar
52. “Letter to Celia Sánchez,” Granma, Aug. 27, 1967, 8. Letter written on June 5, 1958, in which Castro attests his desire to fight against the United States after Batista is overthrown.Google Scholar
53. “Carta a Camilo Cienfuegos,” Verde Olivo, Oct. 25, 1964, 9–12. Letter written on June 12, 1958, giving military orders to one of Castro's rebel majors.Google Scholar
54. “Carta al Comandante Camilo Cienfuegos,” Verde Olivo, Oct. 29, 1960, 24. Written on June 27, 1958, this letter describes the difficulties faced by the guerrillas during the military offensive of the Batista troops.Google Scholar
55. “The First Battle of Santo Domingo,” Granma, July 7, 1968, 9. Communiqué of June 29, 1958, reporting the defeat suffered by government troops.Google Scholar
56. “Carta al Comandante José Quevedo,” Bohemia, Jan. 18, 1959, 43. Letter written to his old friend, Major Quevedo, on July 15, 1958, in which Castro ponders the possibility of facing him on the battle field.Google Scholar
57. “La batalla de Jigüe,” in Edmundo Desnoes, ed., La sierra y el llano (Havana: Casa de las Américas, 1961), 189–194. Communiqué released on July 24, 1958, describing a major battle in which the government forces suffered a great defeat.Google Scholar
58. “Carta al Comandante Camilo Cienfuegos,” Verde Olivo, Oct. 29, 1960, 24–25. Letter written on Aug. 5, 1958, asking for more military information in order to plan further action.Google Scholar
59. “Carta al Comandante Camilo Cienfuegos,” Verde Olivo, Oct. 29, 1960, 25. Letter written on Aug. 6, 1958, ordering an ambush.Google Scholar
60. “Las órdenes de Fidel Castro,” El Mundo, Oct. 28, 1965, 8. Message written on Aug. 18, 1958, ordering Major Camilo Cienfuegos to invade Pinar del Río province.Google Scholar
61. “Interview with Enrique Meneses,” Unpublished, Research Institute for Cuba and the Caribbean, University of Miami, 2 pp. Interview held on Sept. 1, 1958, by a Spanish journalist.Google Scholar
62. “Proclama a los soldados de Batista,” Verde Olivo, April 12, 1964, 77. Proclamation issued on Sept. 15, 1958, to Batista's soldiers.Google Scholar
63. “La Batalla de El Cerro,” in René Ray Rivero, ed., Libertad y Revolución (Havana: n.p., 1959), 81–84. Communiqué written on Sept. 27, 1958, analyzing the military defeat of enemy forces in Oriente province.Google Scholar
64. “Carta al Comandante Camilo Cienfuegos,” Verde Olivo, Jan. 17, 1965, 4–7. Message written on Oct. 14, 1958, to the invading force marching towards Pinar del Río province.Google Scholar
65. “Palabras sobre Angel Ameijeiras,” Revolución, Nov. 9, 1959, 1, 4. Radio broadcast of Nov. 8, 1958, announcing the death of a Cuban revolutionary.Google Scholar
66. “Communicado de Noviembre 9, 1958,” Verde Olivo, Jan. 9, 1969, 6–11. Communiqué describing the political and military situation on the island.Google Scholar
67. “El enemigo pierde terreno,” Verde Olivo, Jan. 5, 1969, 8. Radio broadcast of Nov. 10, 1958, detailing the various victories of the Rebel Army.Google Scholar
68. “Este es un minuto extraordinario,” Verde Olivo, Jan. 5, 1969, 8. Radio broadcast of Nov. 11, 1958, ordering the last rebel offensive against the Batista regime.Google Scholar
69. “El ataque al Cuartel de Imias,” Verde Olivo, Jan. 5, 1969, 8. Communiqué of Nov. 14, 1958, outlining the battle of Imias.Google Scholar
70. “La batalle de Guisa,” Verde Olivo, Jan. 22, 1967, 8–11. Thorough account broadcast on Dec. 7, 1958, of one of the most important battles fought against Batista's forces.Google Scholar
71. “La toma de Baire,” Verde Olivo, Jan. 5, 1969, 11. Communiqué of Dec. 10, 1958, announcing the fall of a town in the center of Oriente's sugar producing area.Google Scholar
72. “Proclama al pueblo de Santiago,” Bohemia, Jan. 2, 1969, 47. Proclamation issued on Dec. 31, 1958, announcing the surrounding of Santiago de Cuba, Cuba's second most important city.Google Scholar
73. “Se cursan órdenes militares a los mandos de Camagüey y de las gloriosas columnas 2 y 8 de Las Villas,” Revolución, July 26, 1962, 8. Orders issued on the night of December 31, telling rebel commanders to continue their struggle until the Armed Forces surrender.Google Scholar
74. “Fidel ordena el avance rebelde sobre Santiago y La Habana y proclama la huelga general,” Revolución, July 26, 1962, 8. Document issued on Jan. 1, 1959, ordering the military takeover of Santiago de Cuba and a general strike in order to stop any counterrevolutionary plan.Google Scholar
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