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ADAPTATIONS OF GALL WASPS OF THE GENUS DIPLOLEPIS (HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE) AND THE ROLE OF GALL ANATOMY IN CYNIPID SYSTEMATICS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.D. Shorthouse
J.D. Shorthouse*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
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Abstract

Adaptations and attributes of gall-inducing cynipid wasps are reviewed to emphasize that differences in life cycles and anatomical features of their galls are just as useful for systematic purposes as are structural differences in the adult insects themselves. The extent to which cynipid wasps have specialized is illustrated by the genus Diplolepis, all species of which are restricted to native and introduced roses and induce structurally distinct galls. Various aspects of Diplolepis biology including life cycles, host specificity, and gall development and anatomy are reviewed. The biologies of two species of Diplolepis that commonly co-exist in the same habitat in central Ontario are then examined in detail. Diplolepis polita (Ashmead) induces a single-chambered gall on the leaves of Rosa acicularis Lindl. whereas Diplolepis spinosa (Ashmead) induces a multi-chambered gall on the stems of Rosa blanda Ait. Differences in life cycles, distribution, host and organ specificity, oviposition, gall initiation and development, along with differences in the communities of parasitoids and inquilines attracted to the galls, confirm the existence of distinct species and allow some speculation on their ecological and phylogenetic relationships.

Résumé

Les adaptations et les caractéristiques des cynips gallicoles ont fait l'objet d'une révision destinée à démontrer que les différences entre les cycles biologiques des espèces et les caractéristiques anatomiques de leurs galles ont autant de valeur taxinomique que les différences morphologiques des insectes adultes eux-mêmes. Les guêpes cynipidées ont atteint un degré élevé de spécialisation, particulièrement bien illustré chez le genre Diplolepis dont toutes les espèces sont restreintes à des roses indigènes ou introduites et forment des galles très distinctives. Divers aspects de la biologie des Diplolepis, cycles biologiques, spécificité d'hôte, développement des galles, anatomie, sont examinés. La biologie de deux espèces de Diplolepis qui cohabitent fréquemment dans le même habitat dans le centre de l'Ontario a été étudiée en détail. Diplolepis polita (Ashmead) produit une galle à une seule enceinte sur les feuilles de Rosa acicularis Lindl., alors que Diplolepis spinosa (Ashmead) produit une galle très compartimentée sur les tiges de Rosa blanda Ait. Ces différences de cycle, de répartition, de spécificité d'hôte et d'organe, les différences reliées à la ponte, à la construction et au développement des galles de même que les différences quant aux communautés de parasitoïdes et d'inquilins attirés par les galles, confirment l'existence d'espèces distinctes et permettent de poser des hypothèses sur les relations écologiques et phylogénétiques entre les espèces. [Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 125 , Supplement S165 , 1993 , pp. 139 - 163
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1993

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