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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 November 2008
In July 1928, upon the termination of the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek presented a sacrificial message to the departed leader, Sun Yat-sen, whose body reposed in the Pi-yün Temple outside the city of Peking. Sun had committed his life, Chiang declared, to the attainment of eight tasks in the rebuilding of a new China: (1) the explication of the Kuomintang's principles and the expunging of ‘unorthodox views’, (2) the constructing of a unified party through the curbing of individual freedom and the acceptance of party discipline, (3) the transfer of the national capital to Nanking to symbolize a new beginning for the nation, (4) a purposeful change in the ‘heart’ of the citizenry, (5) the psychological, economic, political and social reconstruction of the nation, (6) the disbanding of troops, (7) the termination of civil strife and a total commitment to national defence, and (8) the speedy introduction of local autonomy. These personal commitments—and public admonitions, as they were also meant to be—covered a wide range of national concerns, dealing as they did with ideology and organization, power and legitimacy, political socialization and national integration. It is noteworthy, however, that Chiang at the moment of personal triumph turned his attention above all to the ideological function of the ruling élite in the transitional Chinese society.
2 Chung-cheng, Chiang, ‘Chi kao tsung-li wen (Sacrificial Message to Sun Yatsen)’, 6 July 1928Google Scholar; Chiang tsung-t'ungyen-lun hui-pien (Collected Speeches and Messages of President Chiang) (27 vols.), Taipei: Cheng-chung shu-chü, 1956–1959, XXIV, 1333–8.Google Scholar
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23 Chiang's most extensive and most factual statement on the teachings of Sun before the latter's death was his speech on the Double Tenth in 1924; Chiang Chungcheng, ‘San-min-chu-i yü wu-ch’üan hsien-fa ti kai-yao (An Outline of the Three People's Principles and the Five-Power Constitution), 10 October 1924, in Chiang Chieh-shih hsien-sheng yen-shuo chi (Collected Speeches of Mr. Chiang Kai-shek), Canton, P'ing she, 12 1927, I, 291–300Google Scholar; extracts in Mao, , op. cit., 8th ts'e, pp. 12a–13b. An example of Chiang's use of Sun's ideology for organizational purposesGoogle Scholar, see Chung-cheng, Chiang, ‘Tang ping ti i-i (The Meaning of Being a Soldier)’, 30 11 1924, Collected Speeches of Mr. Chiang Kai-shek, I, 321–30Google Scholar; extracts in Mao, , op. cit., 8th ts'e, pp. 57b–58b.Google Scholar
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26 Ibid., 10th ts'e, pp. 13b–14a.
27 Chiang's letter of 14 March 1924, to Liao, in ibid., 6th ts'e, pp. 21b–22a.
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32 Ibid., 11th ts'e, pp. 55a–56b.
33 Ibid., 13th ts'e, pp. 3a–16a.
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