Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-20T21:37:36.034Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Materials Used in Electroluminescent Displays

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2013

P.D. Rack ,
A. Naman ,
P.H. Holloway ,
S-S. Sun  and
R.T. Tuenge
Get access

Extract

The flat-panel-display (FPD) market is experiencing rapid growth due to increased demand for portable computers, communication equipment, and consumer electronic products. In all of these applications, the display is the primary human interface that conveys information. The size of the flat-panel-display market is presently estimated to be $10 billion/year and is projected to grow to over $18 billion/year by 1998. Although most current FPDs utilize either passive- or active-matrix liquid-crystal-display (LCD) technology, electroluminescent (EL) displays and light sources, because of their solid-state construction and self-emissive characteristics, can provide improved performance for many demanding display applications. Thin-film electroluminescent (TFEL) technology has been demonstrated over a broad range of display sizes from 1-in. to 18-in. diagonal with resolutions from 50 to 1,000 lines per inch. Also, because of its unique solid-state characteristic, TFEL technology is well-suited to provide a fully integrated display with the light-emitting element and electronics fabricated on the same substrate. An example of a full-color TFEL display is shown in Figure 1.

Thin-film electroluminescent display panels are finding increasing applications in the FPD marketplace due to several fundamental performance advantages over LCDs. These include wide viewing angle, high contrast, wide operating-temperature range, ruggedness, and long lifetime. Alternating-current (ac)-driven monochrome TFEL displays (ACTFEL displays) have become the most reliable, longest running devices on the market. Commercial ACTFEL display panels have operated for more than 50,000 hours with less than 10% luminance change, the equivalent of 25 working years.

Type
Materials for Flat-Panel Displays
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 21 , Issue 3 , March 1996 , pp. 49 - 58
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Guden, H. and Pohl, R.W., Z.F. Physik 2 (1929) p. 192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Destriau, G., J. de Chem. Phys. et de Physico-Chemie Biol. 33 (1936) p. 620.Google Scholar
3.Tannas, Lawrence E. Jr., ed., Flat Panel Displays and CRT's (Von Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1985) p. 240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Castellano, Joseph A., ed., Handbook of Display Technology (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York, 1992) p. 8.Google Scholar
5.Vecht, A., J. Appl. Phys. 1 (1968) p. 134.Google Scholar
6.Soxman, E.J. and Ketchpel, R.D., “Electroluminescence Thin Film Research Reports” (JANAIR Report 720903, 1972).Google Scholar
7.Inoguchi, T., Takeda, M., Kakihara, Y., and Yoshida, M., “Stable High Luminance Thin Film Electroluminescent Panels,” 1974 SID Digest (1974) p. 86.Google Scholar
8.Russ, M.J. and Kennedy, D.I., J. Electrochem. Soc. 114 (1967) p. 1066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Castellano, Joseph A., ed., Handbook of Display Technology (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York, 1992) p. 8.Google Scholar
10.Coovert, R.E., King, C.N., and Tuenge, R.T., 1982 SID Digest (1982) p. 128.Google Scholar
11.Barrow, W.A., Coovert, R.C., Dickey, E., King, C.N., Laakso, C., Sun, S.S., Tuenge, R.T., Wentross, R., and Kane, J., SID 93 Digest (1993) p. 761.Google Scholar
12.Mach, R. and Muller, G.O., Semiconductor Sci. Tech. 6 (1991) p. 305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Howard, W.E, IEEE Trans, on Electron Devices ED–24 (1977) p. 903.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.King, C.N., 1988 SID Lecture Notes.Google Scholar
15.Bhattacharyya, K., Goodnick, S.M., and Wager, J.F., J. Appl. Phys. 73 (1993) p. 3390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Mach, R. and Muller, G.O., J. of Cryst. Growth 101 (1990) p. 967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Brennan, K., J. Appl. Phys. 64 (1988) p. 4024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Blasse, G. and Grabmaier, B.C., Luminescent Materials (Springer-Verlag, 1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Tuenge, R.T. and Kane, J., SID 97 Digest (1991) p. 279.Google Scholar
20.Ohnishi, H., Iwase, R., Yamasaki, Y., Proc. Soc. Inf. Disp. 29 (4) (1988) p. 311.Google Scholar
21.Yoshioka, T., Sano, Y., Nakamura, K., and Tani, C., SID 89 Digest (1989) p. 313.Google Scholar
22.Kahng, D., Appl. Phys. Lett. 13 (1968) p. 210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Ohnishi, H. and Mohri, F., SID 92 Digest (1992) p. 363.Google Scholar
24.Miyata, T., Minami, T., Takata, S., and Fukuda, I., SID 91 Digest (1991) p. 286.Google Scholar
25.Minami, T., Tanaka, S., Kuroi, Y., and Maeno, T., SID 95 Digest (1995) p. 724.Google Scholar
26.Soininen, E., Leppänen, M., and Pakkala, A., Proc. 13th Int. Display Res. Conf. (EuroDisplay '93, 1993) p. 229.Google Scholar
27.Mauch, R.H., Velthaus, K-O., Hüttl, B., Troppenz, U., and Herrmann, R., SID 95 Digest (1995) p. 720.Google Scholar
28.Sun, S.S., Tuenge, R.T., Kane, J., and Ling, M., J. Electrochem. Soc. 141 (10) (1994) p. 2877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Nire, T., Matsumo, A., Wada, F., Fuchiwaki, K., and Miyakoshi, A., SID 92 Digest (1992) p. 352.Google Scholar
30.Ohmi, K., Tanaka, S., Yamano, Y., Fujimoto, K., Kobayashi, H., Mauch, R.H., Velthaus, K.O., and Schock, H.W., in Proc. 12th Int. Display Res. Conf. (Japan Display '92) (1992) p. 717.Google Scholar
31.Leppänen, M., Härkönen, G., Pakkala, A., Soininen, E., and Törnqvist, R., Proc. 13th Int. Display Res. Conf. (EuroDisplay '93) (1993) p. 229.Google Scholar
32.Yamauchi, Y., Kozawaguchi, H., Kogure, O., and Tsujiyama, B., SID 87 Digest (1987) p. 230.Google Scholar
33.Laakso, C., Khomaei, R., King, C.N., Harkonen, G., Pakkala, A., Pitkanen, T., Surma-aho, M., and Tornqvist, R., Conf. Record 1991 Int. Display Res. Conf. (1991) p. 43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Harranen, J., Tornqvist, R., Koponen, J., Pitkanen, T., Surma-aho, M., Barrow, W., and Laakso, C., SID 92 Digest (1992) p. 348.Google Scholar
35.Cramer, D., Harranen, J., Tornqvist, R. and Pitkanen, T., SID 93 Digest (1993) p. 57.Google Scholar
36.Tanaka, Y., Yamada, S., Minamoto, M., Fugita, Y., and Konishi, T., Japan Display '92 (1992) p. 721.Google Scholar
37.Nire, T., Matsuno, A., Wada, F., Fuchiwaki, K., and Miyakoshi, A., SID 92 Digest 352 (1992).Google Scholar
38.Mauch, R., Velthaus, K.O., Huttle, B., and Schock, H.W., SID 93 Digest (1993) p. 769.Google Scholar
39.Leppanen, M., Harkonen, G., Pakkla, A., Soininen, E., and Tornqvist, R., Proc. 13th. Int. Display Res. Conf. (EuroDisplay '93) (1993) p. 229.Google Scholar
40.Soininen, E., Leppanen, M., Tornqvist, R., and Viljanen, J., Proc. 7th Int. Workshop on Electroluminescence (Beijing, 1994) to be published.Google Scholar
41.Barrow, W.A., Coovert, R.C., Dickey, E., Flegal, T., Pullman, M., King, C., and Laakso, C., Conf. Record of 1994 Int. Display Res. Conf. (1994) p. 448.Google Scholar