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Early Nucleation Events in the Biomineralization of CalciumPhosphates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2011

Baoquan Xie  and
George Nancollas
Baoquan Xie
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, U.S.A.
George Nancollas
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, U.S.A.
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Abstract

Our work focuses on the earliest events of homo-/heterogeneous nucleationfrom an initial supersaturated solution to the subsequent growth of nuclei.The combined use of conductance, together with hydrogen and calcium ISEs hasprovided new insights into the mechanisms of crystal nucleation and phasestability. We propose that two types of ACP are formed during HAPnucleation. The initial subcritical calcium-phosphate ion clusters form anamorphous [CaHPO4·xH2O] phase (ACP-1), whichtransforms to amorphous [Ca3(PO4)2](ACP-2), and subsequently to HAP. This study is a major step forward in ourunderstanding of the earliest nucleation events in vitro and in vivo.Additives may influence HAP nucleation by interacting with ACP clustersduring the early induction period.

Keywords

nucleation & growthbiomaterialcrystal growth

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