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Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Design,Fabrication, Surface Modification and Sustained Release of GrowthFactor

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2011

Min Wang  and
Bin Duan
Min Wang*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
Bin Duan
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
*
*Corresponding author: memwang@hku.hk
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Abstract

From the material point of view, the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone is anatural nanocomposite consisting of an organic matrix (mainly collagen) andinorganic nanofillers (bone apatite) which are inserted in a parallel wayinto the collagen fibrils. For human bone tissue repair or regeneration,nanocomposites consisting of a biodegradable polymer matrix and nano-sizedfillers such as bioactive ceramics or glasses, which mimic the hierarchicalstructure of bone, are considered a promising strategy. Combining livingcells with biodegradable materials and/or bioactive component(s), theconcept of tissue engineering first elucidated in the early 1990srepresented a paradigm shift from tissue grafting, with autografts being thegold standard, or even completely from prosthesis implantation. Inscaffold-based tissue engineering, scaffolds play an important role fortissue regeneration. Currently, acellular scaffolds with or withoutbiomolecules such as growth factors are considered as an effective strategyfor certain tissue repair due to their relatively low costs and easierprocess to gain surgeons’ acceptance and regulatory approval. In the currentstudy, integrating an advanced manufacturing technique, nanocompositematerial and controlled delivery of growth factor to form multifunctionaltissue engineering scaffolds was investigated. Three-dimensional,osteoconductive and totally biodegradable calcium phosphate(Ca-P)/poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanocompositescaffolds with customized architecture, controlled porosity andinterconnecting pores were designed and fabricated using selective lasersintering (SLS). The surface of nanocomposite scaffolds was modified withgelatin and then heparin, which facilitated the incorporation of a growthfactor, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of this strategy inguiding the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Togetherwith osteoconductive nanocomposite material and controlled growth factordelivery, the use of SLS technique to form complex scaffolds provides apromising route towards individualized bone tissue regeneration.

Keywords

biomaterialcompositetissue

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