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The Electrochemistry of Germanium Nitride Versus Lithium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2011

N. Pereira ,
M. Balasubramanian ,
L. Dupont ,
J. McBreen ,
L. C. Klein  and
G. G. Amatucci
N. Pereira
Affiliation:
Telcordia Technologies, Red Bank, NJ 07701, USA, E-mail: npereira@telcordia.com, gamatucc@telcordia.com Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, E-mail: npereira@telcordia.com, gamatucc@telcordia.com
M. Balasubramanian
Affiliation:
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA, E-mail: npereira@telcordia.com, gamatucc@telcordia.com
L. Dupont
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France, E-mail: npereira@telcordia.com, gamatucc@telcordia.com
J. McBreen
Affiliation:
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA, E-mail: npereira@telcordia.com, gamatucc@telcordia.com
L. C. Klein
Affiliation:
Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, E-mail: npereira@telcordia.com, gamatucc@telcordia.com
G. G. Amatucci
Affiliation:
Telcordia Technologies, Red Bank, NJ 07701, USA, E-mail: npereira@telcordia.com, gamatucc@telcordia.com
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Abstract

Germanium nitride (Ge3N4) was examined as a potential negative electrode material for Li-ion batteries. The electrochemistry of Ge3N4 versus Li showed high reversible capacity (500mAh/g) and good capacity retention during cycling. A combination of ex-situ and in-situ x-ray diffraction (XRD), ex-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ex-situ selective area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses revealed evidence supporting the conversion of a layer of Ge3N4 crystal into an amorphous Li3N+LixGe nanocomposite during the first lithiation. The nanocomposite was electrochemically active via a reversible Li-Ge alloying reaction while a core of unreacted Ge3N4 crystal remained inactive. The lithium/metal nitride conversion reaction process was kinetically hindered resulting in limited capacity. Mechanical milling was found to improve the material capacity.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 756: Symposia EE/FF – Solid-State Ionics – Materials for Fuel Cells and Fuel Processors , 2002 , EE8.2
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2003

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References

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