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A New Intelligent Material Based on Long Carbon Nanotube Arrays

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Vesselin Shanov
Affiliation:
vesselin.shanov@uc.edu, Univ. of Cincinnati, Mechanical Engineering, United States
Yun Yeo-Heung
Affiliation:
yunyg@email.uc.edu, Univ. of Cincinnati, Mechanical Engineering, United States
Mark Schulz
Affiliation:
mark.j.schulz@uc.edu, Univ. of Cincinnati, Mechanical Engineering, United States
Ramanand Gollapudi
Affiliation:
gollapr@email.uc.edu, Univ. of Cincinnati, Mechanical Engineering, United States
Sergey Yarmolenko
Affiliation:
sergey@ncat.edu, North Carolina A&T SU, Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, United Kingdom
Sudhir Neralla
Affiliation:
sn010089@ncat.edu, North Carolina A&T SU, Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, United States
Jagannathan Sankar
Affiliation:
sankar@ncat.edu, North Carolina A&T SU, Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, United States
Yi Tu
Affiliation:
yi.tu@firstnano.com, First Nano Inc., United States
Srinivas Subramaniam
Affiliation:
subramas@email.uc.edu, Univ. of Cincinnati, Chemical and Materials Engineering, United States
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Abstract

Highly aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays were synthesized on Si wafers. Water vapor was used to enhance the catalyst performance, which enabled continuous growth of MWCNT arrays for up to 3 hours. Various types of Fe patterning on a Si substrate with a multilayered structure were tested. MWCNT arrays up to 4 mm long were grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). Environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the MWCNT morphology and showed that the nanotubes typically reveal a 20 nm outer diameter and 8 nm inner diameter. To investigate applications, a nanotube tower 1 mm × 1 mm × 4 mm in size was grown and peeled off the Si wafer. Each tower contains millions of individual nanotubes with 20–30 nm diameters. Electrochemical actuation of one MWCNT tower was demonstrated in a 2M NaCl solution. The MWCNT tower actuator operated up to 10 Hz without significantly decreasing strain. Only 1-2 volts was needed to obtain 0.2% strain. The aligned nanotube morphology of the tower is the reason for the high strain in the axial direction, which is an improvement compared to previously tested entangled buckypaper actuators. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was performed to analyze the redox behavior of the nanotube tower used as an electrode. The CV response showed a sigmodal shape in a 6 mM K3(CN)6 ferrocyanide solution. This behavior provides ideal characteristics for biosensor development and application. Also, the measured electrical volume resistivity of the material was in the range of 0.1 ohm · cm. The overall improvement in the electrochemical actuation and electrical conductivity was much greater than previous nanocomposites obtained by dispersing powdered nanotubes into polymers. The demonstrated good properties suggest nanotube array towers can be considered a novel intelligent material.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

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References

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