Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T05:24:17.180Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

On the Sol-gel Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2011

Varun Chaudhary ,
Amit K. Srivastava  and
Jitendra Kumar
Varun Chaudhary
Affiliation:
Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
Amit K. Srivastava
Affiliation:
Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
Jitendra Kumar*
Affiliation:
Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
*
*Email- jk@iitk.ac.in
Get access

Abstract

TiO2 nanoparticles have been prepared by sol-gel process using titanium isopropoxide as a precursor with ethanol and water as solvents. The synthesis involves gel formation, digestion for 24h, drying at 100oC for 10h, and calcination in air at 500-800oC for 2h. The resulting powder has been studied with respect to phase(s), morphology, optical absorption and photo -luminescence (PL) behaviour. The calcination of dried sol-gel product at 500oC for 2h leads to formation of anatase phase that possesses a tetragonal structure (a = 3.785 Å, c = 9.514 Å, Z = 4), average crystallite size ~ 11 nm and band gap of 3.34 eV. Further, increasing the time (t) of calcination causes crystallite growth that follows the relation d = α – β exp (-t/τ), α = 18.1 nm, β = 9.6 nm and τ = 6.9h. However, calcination of sol-gel product at 800oC for 2h gives rise to a rutile phase (tetragonal a = 4.593Å, c = 2.959Å, Z = 2), average crystallite size ~ 25 nm and band gap of 3.02 eV. The anatase phase exhibits strong PL emission peaks (excitation wavelength 405 nm) at 2.06 and 1.99 eV due to defect levels within the energy band gap. This observation has been attributed to finite size effects occurring in nanoparticles.

Keywords

sol-gelphase transformationthermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1352: Symposium GG – Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials , 2011 , mrss11-1352-gg10-24
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Hoffmann, M. R., Martin, S. T., Choi, W., and Bahnemann, D. W., Chem. Rev. 95, 69–96 (1995).Google Scholar
2. Pierre, A. C., Ceramic Bulletin 70, 1281–1288 (1991).Google Scholar
3. Diebold, U., Surface Science Reports 48, 53–229 (2003)Google Scholar
4. Kingon, A. I., Maris, J. P. and Steiffer, S. K., Nature (London) 406, 1032 (2000)Google Scholar
5. Muscat, J., Swamy, V. and Harrism, N. M., Physical Review B 65, 224112–15 (2002)Google Scholar
6. Ohkoshi, S., Tsunobuchi, Y., Matsuda, T., Hashimoto, K., Namai, A., Hakoe, F. and Tokoro, H., Nature Chemistry 2, 539–545 (2010).Google Scholar
7. Grätzel, M.. J. Photochem Photobio. A Chem, 164, 3–14 (2004); C R Chimie 9, 578–83 (2006)Google Scholar
8. Hagfeldt, A. and Grätzel, M., Acc. Chem Res 33, 269–77 (2000).Google Scholar
9. Park, N.G., van de Lagemaat, J. and Frank, A. J., J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 8989–8994 (2000).Google Scholar
10. Wang, W., Gu, B. H., Liang, L. Y., Hamilton, W. A. and Wesolowski, D.J., J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 14789–92 (2004)Google Scholar
11. Bhanwala, A. K., Kumar, A., Mishra, D. P. and Kumar, J., Aerosol Science 40, 720–730 (2009).Google Scholar
12. Wang, C. C., Zhang, Z. and Ying, J.Y., Nano Structured Mater. 9, 583 (1997)Google Scholar
13. Chowdhury, A. and Kumar, J., Mater. Sci. Technol. 22, 1249–1254 (2006).Google Scholar
14. Amlouk, A., Mir, L., Kraiem, S. and Alaya, S., J. Phys. and Chem. of Solids 67, 1464–68 (2006)Google Scholar
15. Spurr, R. A. and Myers, H.. Anal. Chem. 29, 760, (1957)Google Scholar
16. Kitazawa, S., Choi, Y. and Yamamoto, S., Vacuum 74, 637 (2004)Google Scholar
17. Madhu Kumar, P., Badrinarayanan, S., Sastry, Murali, Thin solid films 358, 122–130, (2000)Google Scholar
18. Jin, Y., Li, G., Zhang, Y. and Zhang, L., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 35, 37–40 (2002)Google Scholar