Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-07T21:36:54.087Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Polarization, Interference Contrast, and Photoluminescence Imaging in Near Field Optical Microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2011

M. Vaez-Iravani
Affiliation:
Optical Sciences Group, Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9887, Rochester, N.Y. 14623-0887
R. Toledo-Crow
Affiliation:
Optical Sciences Group, Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9887, Rochester, N.Y. 14623-0887
J.K. Rogers
Affiliation:
Optical Sciences Group, Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9887, Rochester, N.Y. 14623-0887
Get access

Abstract

The design and operation of a number of techniques in near field optical microscopy are described. Specific attention is paid to the three modalities of polarization, interference contrast, and photoluminescence imaging. By premodulating the polarization state of the sample beam, pure, linear, polarizing microscopy is performed. In addition, polarization anomalies are observed in the focal plane of a high numerical aperture lens. Amplitude and phase contrast imaging is performed in a feedback stabilized Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Magneto-optically induced polarization shifts are detected interferometrically, resulting in linear sensitivity. Localized photoluminescence is induced in porous silicon, and the results are correlated with the topography of the sample.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Pohl, D.W., Denk, W., and Lanz, M., Appl. Phys. Lett 44, 651 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Harootunian, A., Betzig, E., Isaacson, M., and Lewis, A., Appl. Phys. Lett. 49, 674 (1986)Google Scholar
3. Fischer, U. CH., During, U.T., and Pohl, D.W., Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 249 (1988)Google Scholar
4. Reddick, R.C., Warmack, R.J., and Ferrel, T.L., Phys. Rev. B39, 767 (1989)Google Scholar
5. Courjon, D., Vigoureux, J.M., Spajer, M., and Sarayeddine, K., Appl. Opt. 29, 3734 (1990)Google Scholar
6. Isaacson, M., Cline, J.A., and Barshatzky, B.H., J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B9, 3103 (1991)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Hulst, N.F. van, Sergerink, F.B., and Bolger, B. in: Scanned Probe Microscopy, Ed. Wickramasinghe, H.K. (AIP, New York, 1992) p. 79 Google Scholar
8. Betzig, E., Finn, P.L., and Weiner, J.S., Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 2484 (1992)Google Scholar
9. Toledo-Crow, R., Yang, P.C., Chen, Y., and Vaez-Iravani, M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 2957 (1992)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Yakobson, B., Moyer, P., and Paesler, M.A., J. Appl. Phys. 71, 7984 (1993)Google Scholar
11. Betzig, E., Trautman, J.K., Weiner, J.S., Harris, T.D., and Wolfe, R., Appl. Opt. 22, 4563 (1992)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Betzig, E., Trautman, J.K., Wolfe, R., Gyorgy, E.M., Finn, P.L., Kryder, M.H., and Chang, C.H., Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 142 (1992)Google Scholar
13. Vaez-Iravani, M. and Toledo-Crow, R., Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 140 (1993)Google Scholar
14. Yang, P.C., Chen, Y., and Vaez-Iravani, M., J. Appl. Phys. 71, 2499 (1992)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Richards, B. and Wolf, E., Proc. Roy. Soc. A 253, 353 (1959)Google Scholar
16. Mansuripur, M., J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A3, 2086 (1986)Google Scholar
17. Mansuripur, M., J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A10, 382 (1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Vaez-Iravani, M. and Toledo-Crow, R., Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 1044 (1993)Google Scholar
19. Vaez-Iravani, M., Nonnenmacher, M., and Wickramasinghe, H.K., Opt. Eng. 32, 1879 (1993)Google Scholar
20. Betzig, E. and Trautman, J.K., Sci. 257, 189 (1992)Google Scholar
21. Canham, L.T., Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 1046 (1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Peng, C., Tsybeskov, L., and Fauchet, P.M., Proc. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Vol. 283, 121 (1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Amisola, G.B., Behrensmeier, R., Galligan, J.M., Otter, F.A., Namavar, F., and Kalkoran, N.M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 2595 (1992)CrossRefGoogle Scholar