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RaneyR Type Nickel Catalysts From Rsr Atomization Of Al-Ni Powders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

C. S. Brooks ,
F. D. Lemkey  and
G. S. Golden
C. S. Brooks
Affiliation:
United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut, USA 06108
F. D. Lemkey
Affiliation:
United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut, USA 06108
G. S. Golden
Affiliation:
United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut, USA 06108
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Abstract

The synthesis and catalytic properties of hydrogenation catalysts of the RaneyR type derived from aluminum-nickel and aluminum-molybdenum-nickel RSR alloy powders have been evaluated. Two binary aluminum-nickel alloys, RSR 588, with 50 w/o Ni corresponding to currently available RaneyR commercial alloys, and RSR 587, with 28.5 w/o Ni corresponding to the proeutectic composition which produces exclusively Al3Ni as the precursor phase, were synthesized. One ternary, RSR 589, aluminum-molybdenum-nickel alloy with a nickel and molybdenum content to correspond to a commercial promoted RaneyR alloy was prepared.

The hydrogenation catalytic activity for six organic compounds representing diverse functionalities was measured in a bench scale batch liquid slurry catalytic reaction. Each catalyst was suspended in an agitated solution of the reaction (0.8 to 5M) at 22°C under a constant hydrogen over pressure of 0.86 atmospheres. A declining pressure technique was also used as a measure of catalytic activity where the catalyst was suspended in an agitated solution of the three reactants at 80°C at an initial hydrogen pressure of four atmospheres. The reactants selected consisted of acetone, nitrobenzene, itaconic acid, butyronitrile, toluene, and dextrose. The organic functionalities hydrogenated consisted of the conversion of:

(1) Carbonyl to alcohol

(2) Nitro group to amine group

(3) Double carbon bond to a single carbon bond

(4) Nitrile group to an amine group

(5) Aromatic to a hydroaromatic ring

(6) Aldehyde to an alcohol.

RSR 587 catalyst, containing 28.5 w/o nickel, provides superior hydrogenation rates over bulk cast RaneyR nickel catalysts by factors ranging from 2 to 20 for selected reactions. Rapid solidification followed by heat treatmen0t at 850°C of Al ∼42 w/o Ni powders yielded the greatest specific catalytic activity and provides a unique enrichment path for the formation of the peritectic phase, A13Ni, and subsequently the most active skeletal nickel pore structure with the least amount of waste aluminum.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 8 , 1981 , 397
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1982

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References

REFERENCES

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