Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2pzkn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-16T04:18:19.426Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Study of Chromium-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon by Z-Contrast Imaging and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

X. Fan
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, KY, 40506 Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831
E. C. Dickey
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, KY, 40506
S. J. Pennycook
Affiliation:
Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831
Get access

Abstract

Metal-doped diamond-like carbon films were produced for the purpose of an electrochemical nano-electrode. In this study we use Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy to directly observe metal cluster formation and distributions within the chromium-doped carbon films. At low doping (∼6at%Cr), Cr is uniformly distributed; at high doping (∼12at%Cr), Cr-rich clusters are formed. Using electron energy loss spectroscopy, we find that the Cr clusters tend to be metallic-like at low doping levels and carbide-like at high doping levels according to the Cr L2.3 white line ratios. The carbon is more diamond-like at low doping and more graphite/carbide like at high doping according to the sp2/sp3 electron percentage measurements.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Robertson, J., Pure & Appl. Chem. Vol. 66, No. 9, 17891796, (1994)Google Scholar
2. Penner, R. M., Heben, M. J., Longin, T. L. and Lewis, N. S., Science, Vol.250, 11181121,(1990)Google Scholar
3. Pennycook, S. J. and Jesson, D. E., Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 938941(1990)Google Scholar
4. Pennycook, S. J., and Jesson, D. E., Ultramicroscopy 37, 1438 (1991)Google Scholar
5. Pennycook, S. J., “STEM: Z-contrast”, in Handbook of Microscopy, ed. by Amelinckx, S., Amelinckx, S., Dyck, D. van, Landuyt, J. van, Tendeloo, G. van, VCH Publishers, Weinheim, Germany (1997) 595620.Google Scholar
6. Dorfman, V.F. and Pypkin, B.N., Surface and Coatings Technology 48, 193 (1991)Google Scholar
7. Sunkara, M., Yeap, E., Babu, S.V., Ralchenko, V.G., Pypkin, B.N., and Shubekin, B.L., “Electrochemical Behavior of Metal-Doped Diamondlike Carbon (Me-DLC) Films”, in Electrochemical Society Proceedings Volume 97–32: Diamond Materials V., Davidson, J.L., Brown, W.D., Gicquel, A., Spitsyn, B.V., and Angus, J.C., eds., Published by the Electrochemical Society, pp. 297308, Pennington, NJ, 1997.Google Scholar
8. Koduri, P., Sunkara, M., Dickey, E.C., Frasier, C. and Babu, S.V., “Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Metal-Doped Diamondlike (Me-DLC) Films”, Proceedings of 12th Intl. Symp. On Surface Modification Technologies, edited by Sudarshan, T.S., Khor, K.A., and Jeandin, M., Inst. of Materials and American Society of Metals (ASM), pp 357364, London, U.K., (1998).Google Scholar
9. Pease, D. M., Bader, S. D., Brodsky, M. B., Budnick, J. I., Morrison, T. I. and Zaluzec, N. J., Phys. Lett. 114A, No.8,9, 491494 (1986)Google Scholar
10. Lozzi, L., Passacantando, M., Picozzi, P., Santucci, S. and Crescenzi, M. De, Z.Phys. D-Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 20, 387390(1991)Google Scholar
11. Morrison, T. I., Brodsky, M. B. and Zaluzec, N. J., Phys. Rev. B32, p31073111, (1985)Google Scholar
12. Pearson, D. H., Ahn, C. C. and Fultz, B., Phys. Rev. B47, 84718478,(1993)Google Scholar
13. Berger, S. D., Mckenzie, D. R. and Martin, P.J., Phil. Mag. Lett. 57, 285290, (1988)Google Scholar
14. Bruley, J., Williams, D. B., Cuomo, J. J. and Pappas, D. P., Journal of Microscopy, 180, Pt 1, 2232, (1995)Google Scholar
15. Rafferty, B., Chapter 3, Ph.D thesis, Cambridge University, (1997)Google Scholar