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A scoping review of bereavement service outcomes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2016

Donna M. Wilson ,
Nurin Dhanji ,
Robyn Playfair ,
Sahana Srinivas Nayak ,
Gideon L. Puplampu  and
Rod Macleod
Donna M. Wilson*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Nurin Dhanji
Affiliation:
Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Robyn Playfair
Affiliation:
Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Sahana Srinivas Nayak
Affiliation:
Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Gideon L. Puplampu
Affiliation:
Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Rod Macleod
Affiliation:
HammondCare and Department of Palliative Care, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Donna M. Wilson, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT6G 1C9. E-mail: donna.wilson@ualberta.ca.
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Abstract

Objective:

This scoping literature review, through finding and assessing researched bereavement service outcomes, sought to determine the state of bereavement services evaluation, to catalogue service types, and to identify which service or services, if any, demonstrate clear evidence of effectiveness.

Method:

Our methods included: (1) a literature search for published English-language research articles from 2005–2015; (2) critical appraisal of articles to identify findings; (3) compilation of findings; and (4) determination of the relevance of our findings.

Results:

Some 38 papers were found, and all were retained to identify the outcomes researched and research findings. Many different outcomes were studied in the 18 quantitative, 11 qualitative, and 9 mixed-methods investigations undertaken worldwide. Ten studies focused on level of grief, six on stress/distress level, six on grief knowledge, six on level of depression, and five on somatization or physical symptoms. Most commonly, a group of bereavement services was evaluated as a whole, followed by group therapy, individual counseling, written information, and other less common services. No group of services or individual service was determined to yield clear and convincing evidence of effectiveness. Regardless, all but one service were shown to have value—most often related to gaining grief information and/or emotional support. Until high-quality research studies have repeatedly revealed evidence of effectiveness, it is possible that the positive outcomes of bereavement services will be largely based on bereaved people receiving helpful educational information and emotional support from organizations and people prepared to help them.

Significance of results:

This project outlines existing bereavement service types and the state of science in relation to determination of outcomes. It offers suggestions to advance the state of science to validate or refine bereavement services. It brings to light the issue that bereavement service outcomes need to be carefully researched so that evidence can drive service refinement and expansion. It also highlights the importance of effective bereavement services.

Keywords

Bereavement servicesOutcomesEvaluationGrief and mourningLiterature review
Type
Review Article
Information
Palliative & Supportive Care , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , April 2017 , pp. 242 - 259
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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Footnotes

*

All the authors contributed to this manuscript.

References

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