Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-9knnw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-05T23:40:19.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Morpho-biochemical characterization of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) genotypes under alkaline soil conditions in sub-tropical regions of India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 March 2025

Devendra Pandey Open the ORCID record for Devendra Pandey [Opens in a new window] ,
Shiv Poojan ,
Shardulya Shukla ,
Himanshu Pandey  and
Sanjay Kumar Singh
Devendra Pandey*
Affiliation:
ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
Shiv Poojan
Affiliation:
ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
Shardulya Shukla
Affiliation:
ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
Himanshu Pandey
Affiliation:
ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, India
Sanjay Kumar Singh
Affiliation:
ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
*
Corresponding author: Devendra Pandey; Email: Devendra.Panday@icar.gov.in, devendracish@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study investigates the potential of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (aonla) for cultivation across diverse soil types, with a particular focus on alkaline soils, as part of broader efforts to enhance biodiversity, promote sustainable agriculture and improve climate resilience. This experiment was focused on identifying and characterizing aonla accessions for alkaline conditions. Among the 11 genotypes characterized; CISH-A-33 and CISH-A-31 exhibited superior fruit yield per plant (53.99 ± 1.97 and 44.17 ± 0.91 kg/tree, respectively), indicating better adaptability to alkaline conditions. Additionally, CISH-A-33 genotypes showed higher content of biochemical traits such as total soluble solids (TSS) (9.70 ± 0.10°B), acidity (3.25 ± 0.10%), ascorbic acid (504.65 ± 1.12 mg/100 g), total sugar (8.21 ± 0.05%), reducing sugar (3.85 ± 0.01%), phenol (1.41 ± 0.01 g/100g GAE) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (233.74 ± 1.59 mg/g) followed by CISH-A-31. A correlation study between morphological and biochemical traits indicated that fruit weight was negatively correlated with TSS, ascorbic acid, total sugar and FRAP, but strongly positively correlated with yield, fruit diameter, acidity, reducing sugar and polyphenol content. TSS, total sugar and FRAP had a negative correlation with yield, whereas ascorbic acid, reducing sugar and polyphenols had a favourable correlation. Two principal components (PCs) with differing descriptive capacities were identified by principal component analysis; PC-1 explained 65.89% of the overall variability, while PC-2 explained 29.67%. These promising genotypes (CISH-A-33 and CISH-A-31) hold potential for crop genetic enhancement, benefiting alkaline soils not only in sub-tropical regions of India but also in other similar environments. This research identifies promising aonla accessions adaptable to alkaline soils, offering prospects for breeding climate-resilient varieties with enhanced productivity and fruit quality.

Keywords

alkaline soil conditionaonlafruit qualityvariability

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , August 2025 , pp. 297 - 306
Copyright
© Dr Devendra Pandey, 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of National Institute of Agricultural Botany

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Almatroodi, SA, Alsahli, MA, Almatroudi, A, Dev, K, Rafat, S, Verma, AK and Rahmani, AH (2020) Amla (Emblica officinalis): role in health management via controlling various biological activities. Gene Reports 21, 100820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AOAC, (2006) Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, 18th ed. Washington, DC: AOAC Press.Google Scholar
Aung, TT, Shi, F, Zhai, Y, Xue, J, Wang, S, Ren, X and Zhang, X (2022) Acidic and alkaline conditions affect the growth of tree peony plants via altering photosynthetic characteristics, limiting nutrient assimilation, and impairing ROS balance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 5094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bairwa, PK, Verma, RS, Pal, H, Prakash, S, Kumar, S and Shivran, BC (2020) Studies on physical characters of different cultivars of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn). Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 8, 631–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakshi, P, Wali, VK, Jasrotia, AMIT, Sharma, A and Iqbal, M (2015) Evaluation of different aonla (Emblica officinalis) cultivars under rainfed conditions of lower Shivalik foothills of Himalayas. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, 1012–1016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bulo, U, Nimbolkar, PK, Singh, S, Sahu, GD, Wangchu, L, Das, S and Pandey, DK (2024) Nutrient profiling of wild aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) populations in northeast India: assessing the potential of this fruit tree for ecological and human health restoration. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 125, 105814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandra, ND, Rawat, JMS, Singh, B, Khanduri, VP and Riyal, MK (2020) Determination of physico-chemical properties of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaerth) fruits among different populations in Garhwal Himalaya. International Journal of Fruit Science 20(sup3), S1579–S1589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deshmukh, KK (2012) Studies on chemical characteristics and classification of soils from Sangamner area, Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry 5, 74–85.Google Scholar
Devi, I, Kaur, S, Singh, NP and Singh, S (2020) Physico-chemical changes during fruit growth and maturation in aonla cultivars. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, 943–946.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geetha, NS, Kumar, S, Sandooja, JK and Rana, GS (2006) Effect of osmotic concentration process on biochemical characteristics of aonla preserve during storage. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Science 35, 242–244.Google Scholar
Godara, RK, Sharma, RK, Goyal, RK and Kumar, JK (2004) Physicochemical composition of different cultivars of aonla as influenced by time of harvesting. Indian Journal of Hill Farming 17, 56–58.Google Scholar
Gupta, VK, Singh, DS and Shvetambri, S (2003) Physicochemical changes in aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) fruits during growth and development. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences 32, 37–39.Google Scholar
Khadivi, A, Mirheidari, F, Moradi, Y and Paryan, S (2020) Morphological and pomological characterizations of Pyrus syriaca Boiss. germplasm. Scientia Horticulturae 271, 109424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Killadi, B, Dikshit, A and Chaurasia, R (2015) Maturity indices in aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.): physical and biochemical attributes. Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture 10, 207–211.Google Scholar
Kumar, J, Singh, HK, Rahul, SN, Singh, A and Singh, A (2023) Germplasm evaluation of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) against rust (Ravenelia emblicae Styd.) for resistance. The Pharma Innovation Journal 12, 1423–1426.Google Scholar
Maurya, AK, Pratap, B, Sonkar, A, Tiwari, S, Yadav, G, Pratap, R and Kumar, P (2024) Evaluation of different varieties and genotypes of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) under sodic soil condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, 100–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nimse, SB and More, DR (2018) Evaluation of physical and nutritional properties of aonla. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7, 3733–3735.Google Scholar
Pandey, D, Shukla, SK and Kumar, A (2008) Variability in aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) accessions collected from Panna forests of Madhya Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agroforestry 10, 73–77.Google Scholar
Poojan, S, Dwivedi, SK, Pandey, D, Singh, SK, Siddiqui, S, Pandey, H and Rajan, R (2024) Physiological characterization of bael genotypes of sub-tropical region of India for cold hardiness and fruit quality. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 71, 1–17.Google Scholar
Prajapati, VK, Nema, PK and Rathore, SS (2011) Effect of pretreatment and drying methods on quality of value-added dried aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) shreds. Journal of Food Science and Technology 48, 45–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saini, AK, Sharma, SK, Kumar, A, Kumar, P and Singh, D (2018) Analysis of biochemical basis of resistance mechanism of aonla (Emblica officinalis) varieties against blue mould rot disease (Penicillium islandicum). The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, 1770–1778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shukla, S, Kumar, N, Bhardwaj, P, Pandita, P, Patel, MK, Thakur, MS and Saxena, S (2024) Effect of cold arid high-altitude environment on bioactive phytochemical compounds of organically grown Brassicaceae vegetables for nutri-health security in mountainous regions. Scientific Reports 14, 15976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, B, Uniyal, AK, Rawat, JSM and Rana, DK (2012) Estimation of genetic variability in Phyllanthus emblica L. – towards a contribution in sustainable rural development. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 4, 92–95.Google Scholar
Singh, AK, Singh, S and Makwana, P (2015) Characterization of aonla (Emblica officinalis) varieties under zero irrigation semi-arid conditions. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, 1365–1369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, AK, Singh, PP, Singh, S, Bhargava, R and Makwana, P (2016) Variability in morphological and physico-chemical traits of aonla (Emblica officinalis) genotypes collected from north-eastern region of India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 86, 992–997.Google Scholar
Singh, AK, Singh, S, Saroj, PL, Mishra, DS, Singh, PP and Singh, RK (2019) Aonla (Emblica officinalis) in India: a review of its improvement, production and diversified uses. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 89, 1773–1781.Google Scholar
Singh, N, Kumar, M and Sharma, JR (2021) Evaluation of aonla (Phyllanthus emblica) genotypes under semi-arid conditions. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 91, 1778–1782.Google Scholar
Singh, N, Kumar, M and Sharma, J (2022) Characterization of aonla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.) germplasm under semi-arid condition of Haryana. The Pharma Innovation Journal 11, 2341–2345.Google Scholar
Singh, AK, Pandey, D, Gangadhara, K, Yadav, LP, Rane, J, Krishna, H and Ravat, P (2024) Descriptors for characterization and evaluation of Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) germplasm for utilization in crop improvement. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 71, 1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yadav, LP, Koley, TK, Tripathi, A and Singh, S (2019) Antioxidant potentiality and mineral content of summer season leafy greens: comparison at mature and microgreen stages using chemometric. Agricultural Research 8, 165–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zagoskina, NV, Zubova, MY, Nechaev, TL, Kazantseva, VV, Goncharuk, EA, Katanskaya, VM and Aksenova, MA (2023) Polyphenols in plants: structure, biosynthesis, abiotic stress regulation, and practical applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, 13874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Pandey et al. supplementary material

Pandey et al. supplementary material
Download Pandey et al. supplementary material(File)
File 22.9 KB