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A Druidic Prophecy, the First Irish Satire, and a Poem to Raise Blisters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

James Travis*
Affiliation:
Tulsa, Oklahoma

Extract

Certain writings of antiquity, certain documents of early Celtic ecclesiastical history, and certain of the oldest Irish sagas reveal that the composition of poetry was practiced by the Irish pagans. The stylistic character of the pagan poetry has been rather generally ignored. Not that there is an abundance of specimens incontestably pagan in provenance; nevertheless, a number of poems have survived from Irish paganism, and though few are sufficient to establish the character of at least one style of pagan Irish verse.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1942

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References

Note 1 in page 909 See K. Mulchrone, Bethu Phátraie (Dublin & London, 1939), p. 22, for a possibly complete version.

Note 2 in page 909 The manuscript associated with the Library of the Franciscans, Dublin.

Note 3 in page 910 The Irish Liber Hymnorum, edited by J. H. Bernard and R. Atkinson (London: Harrison and Sons, 1898), i, 100, the gloss to line 21. frigserat, in line 6, above, and in the edited source, should be fris·gerat.

Note 4 in page 910 Ibid., ii, 181.

Note 5 in page 910 Quoted in ibid., ii, 181. Obviously, the Latin version lacks line 2 of the Irish version, and supplies “Incantabit nefas.” If the equivalent of this expression should be supplied in the Irish version, the prophecy would possibly be restored to substantially its original form. But see K. Mulchrone, Bethu Phátraie, p. 22.

Note 6 in page 910 See Owen Connellan, editor, Ossianic Society Transactions, v (1860), 232, 234–236, for an edition and translation of these two poems. The poems attributed to Amorgen occur in various sources—Book of Ballymote, Book of Leinster, Book of Lecan, Bodleian MS Laud 610. A most useful edition of the two poems mentioned is to be found in R. Thurneysen, Mittelirische Verslehren, in Irische Texte, iii, 35–36, 61–62. Thurneysen furnishes, side by side, the versions from Book of Ballymote, Book of Leinster, and Laud 610. The attributions to Amorgen occur in the sources.

Note 7 in page 911 For an edition and translation of this prayer, see Kuno Meyer, Miscellanea Hibernica, University of Illinois Studies in Language and Literature, ii, no. 4 (1916), 19–21. The attribution occurs in the source.

Note 8 in page 911 For this trade as well as for cultural relationships, see Heinrich Zimmer, “Über direkte Handelsverbindungen Westgalliens mit Irland im Altertum und frühen Mittelalter,” five parts, in Sitz. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wissensch. (1909 and 1910); and C. H. Slover, “Early Literary Channels between Britain and Ireland,” Univ. of Texas Bulletins, nos. 2648 (1926) and 2743 (1927).

Note 9 in page 911 The Bodleian Amra Choluimb Chille, edited by Whitley Stokes, Revue Celtique, xx, 159.

Note 10 in page 912 Ibid., 158. This satire has been edited more recently and more fully by Vernam Hull; see his “Cairpre mac Edaine's Satire on Bres mac Eladain,” Zeitschrift für cellische Philologie, xviii, 63–69.

Note 11 in page 912 Stokes, Amra Choluimb Chille, 159.

Note 12 in page 912 For a discussion of this device, see Kuno Meyer, “Ueber die Älteste irische Dichtung, in two parts, in Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussichen Akad. d. Wissensch, 1913, phil.-hist. Klasse (Berlin, 1914).

Note 13 in page 912 Three Irish Glossaries, edited by Whitley Stokes (London: Williams and Norgate, 1862), p. 24. For another reading (Yellow Book of Lecan), see Sanas Cormaic, edited by Kuno Meyer, Anecdota from Irish Manuscripts IV (Halle and Dublin, 1912), §698.

Note 14 in page 913 Translation of a similar version by Eugene O'Curry in his On the Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish (London, 1873), ii, 218. The translation is, to be sure, partly guesswork.

Note 15 in page 913 For the background of this fear, see F. N. Robinson, “Satirists and Enchanters in Early Irish Literature,” in Studies in the History of Religions presented to Homer Troy (New York, 1912), pp. 95–130.

Note 16 in page 913 Three Irish Glossaries, p. 34. Variant readings in Kuno Meyer, Sanas Cormaic, §1018.

Note 17 in page 914 Translated in Eugene O'Curry, On the Manner and Customs of the Ancient Irish, ii, 210. This translation must be taken as merely tentative.

Note 18 in page 915 Kuno Meyer, Learning in Ireland in the Fifth Century and the Transmission of Letters (Dublin, 1913).

Note 19 in page 915 Polheim, Die lateinische Reimprosa (1925), especially on Columbanus.

Note 20 in page 915 Wilhelm Meyer, “Die Verskunst der Iren in rythmischen lateinischen Gedichten,” Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Phil.-hist. Klasse (Berlin, 1916), 605–644.