Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T21:30:16.527Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Reindeer dairying in the Soviet Union

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

Gail Fondahl
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

Abstract

Reindeer milk is used by native peoples throughout the Soviet North. This article describes how different groups use, or have in the past used, the milk in raw and processed form. After summarizing the properties of reindeer milk, it outlines a neglected chapter in the history of domesticated animals: the attempt in the 1930s to set up a commercial reindeer dairy industry in the USSR. Lastly, it analyzes the decline of reindeer milking among peoples of the Soviet north in this century.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anokhin, . 1962. Sotsialisticheskie preobrazovaniya v material'noy kul'ture saamov. Kratkie Soobshcheniya Instituta Etnografii 36: 4454.Google Scholar
Bogoras, W. 1930. New data on the types and distributions of reindeer breeding in northern Eurasia. Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Americanists, New York403–10.Google Scholar
Bogoras, W. 19041909. The Chuckchee. Reports of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 7.Google Scholar
Butkevich, V. 1932. Konkurs molochnosti. Sbomik po Olenevodstvo, Tundrovoi Veterinarii i Zootekhnike. M.: Izd-vo “Vlast' Sovetov”: 281–91.Google Scholar
Carruthers, D. 1913. Unknown Mongolia: a record of travel and exploration in northwest Mongolia and Dzungaria. London, Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Chard, C. 1955. Reindeer breeding: types and origins. Davidson Journal of Anthropology 1(1): 7783.Google Scholar
Dobrotvorskiy, M. 1904. Vozmozhno li molochnoe olenevodstvo na severovostoke Evropeyskoi Rossii. Arkhiv Veterinamyich Nauk 3: 257–63.Google Scholar
Druri, I. V. and Chuprov, I. M. 1940. Razvitie telyat v olenevodcheskikn molochno-tovarnykh fermakh Tofalarii. Trudy Nauchno-lssledovatel'skogo Instituta Polyarnykh Zemledeliya, Zhivotnovodstvoi i Promyslovogo Khozyaystva, seriya “Olenevodstvo” 14: 3746.Google Scholar
Druri, I. V. and Mityshev, P. V. 1963. Olenevodstvo. Moscow-Leningrad: Izd-vo Sel'skokhozyaystvennoy literatury, zhurnalov i plakatov.Google Scholar
D'yachenko, V. I. and Ermolova, N. E. 1984. Yakutskoevenkiyskie kontakty na Okhotskom poberezh'e. Etnokul'turnye kontakty narodov Sibiri. Leningrad, ”Nauka”: 132–38.Google Scholar
Eidlitz, K. 1969. Food and emergency food in the circumpolar areas. Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensia 32.Google Scholar
Gemuev, I. N. and Pelikh, G. I. 1974. Sel'kupskoe olenevodstvo. Sovetskaya Etnografiya 3: 8395.Google Scholar
Gul'chak, F. 1954. Sevemoe Olenevodstvo. Moscow, Sel'khozgiz.Google Scholar
Hatt, G. 1919. Notes on reindeer nomadism. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 6(2): 75133.Google Scholar
Ivanov, S. V., Smolyak, A. V. and Levin, M. G. 1964. The Oroks. The peoples of Siberia. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ivanov-Dyatlov, F. G. 1928. Nablyudeniya vracha na kol'skom poluostrove. Leningrad, Izd-vo GRGO.Google Scholar
Jochelson, W. 1908. The Koryak. The Jesup North Pacific Expedition 6.Google Scholar
Katanov, N. Th. 1890. Poezdkak karagasam v 1890 godu. Zapiski I Imperatorskogo Russkoe Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, Otdelenic Ethnografii 17: 133230.Google Scholar
Khaptaev, P. T. (editor). 1984. Sovremennyi byt i etnokul'turnye protsessy v Buryatii. Novosibirsk, Nauka.Google Scholar
Kharuzin, N. 1890. Russkie Loparii, Izvestiya Obshchestra Lyubiteley Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografiipri Moskovskom Universitete XVI.Google Scholar
Kurilyuk, A. 1959. K voprosu o doyke oleney v usloviyakh severo-vostoka i yugo-vostoka Yakutii. Uchenie Zapiski Yakutskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta 6: 3740.Google Scholar
Kurilyuk, A. and Yun, V. 1963. Olen'e moloko, tsennyy produkt. Sel'sko-Khozyaystvennoe Proizvodstvo Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka 6: 7475.Google Scholar
Laufer, B. 1917. The reindeer and its domestication. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 4(2): 91147.Google Scholar
Luk'yachenko, T. V. 1971. Material'nayaKul'turaSaamov (Loparei) Kol'skogo Poluostrova v Kontse XIX-XX v.. Moscow, Nauka.Google Scholar
Mainov, I. I. 1898. Nekotorye dannie otungusakh yakutskogo kray. Trudy Vostochno-Sibirskogo Otdela Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, No.2.Google Scholar
Mirov, N. T. 1945. Notes on the domestication of reindeer. American Anthropologist (NS) 47: 393408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitrovich, D. S. 1932. Za molochnoe olenevodstvo. Severnoe Olenevodstvo 8:10.Google Scholar
Murnik, V. 1934. Tofalarskom rayone. Sovetskiy Sever 2: 9598.Google Scholar
Nelleman, G. 1961. Theories on reindeer breeding. Folk 3:91103.Google Scholar
Nord, A. 1931. Olen'e moloko, maslo i syr. Sotsialisticheskoe Zhivotnovodstvo 16:28.Google Scholar
Novosil'tsov, A. N. 1901. Na nizovyakh Pechory. Imperatorskogo Russkoe Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, 37(2): 132–55.Google Scholar
Pekarskiy, E. K. and Tsvetkov, V. P. 1913. Ocherki byta priayanskikh tungusov. AN SSSR, Muzeya Antropologii i Etnografii, Sbornik 2(1).Google Scholar
Pervukhin, I. 1930. Karagassy. SovetskiySever 2:8293.Google Scholar
Plyater-Plokhotskiy, . 1930. Sostoyanie olenevodstva v Bayntovskom tuzemnom rayone BM ASSR. Buryatievedenie 3/4 (11/12): 7180.Google Scholar
Poltoradnev, P. G. 1932. Olenevodstvo tungusov (R. Nizhney Tunguski). Moscow-Irkutsk, OGIZ.Google Scholar
Pomishin, S. 1963. Eshche raz o molochnoy produktivnosti oleney. Sel'sko-khozyaystvennoe proizvodstvo Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka 11: 7475.Google Scholar
Popov, A. A. 1935. Olenevodstvo u dolgan. Sovetskaya Etnografiya 4–5: 184205.Google Scholar
Popov, S. P. and Izoitko, A. I. 1965. Molchnost’ samok severnykh oleney. Uchenie Zapiski Petrozavodskogo Instituta 13(2): 4244.Google Scholar
Potapov, A. A. 1964. The Tuvans. The peoples of Siberia. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Sergeev, M. A. 1964. The Tofalars. The peoples of Siberia. Chicago, Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Seroshevskiy, V. 1896. Yakutiya. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Shirokogoroff, S. M. 1933. Social organization of the northern Tungus. Shanghai, Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Sizikov, A. 1963. Molochnoe olenevodstvo. Sel'sko-Khozyaystvennoe Proizvodstvo Sibiri i Dal'nego Vosotoka 2:71.Google Scholar
Sochava, V. B. 1934. Eshche o molochnomolenevodstve na Kraynem Severe. Severnoe Olenevodstvo 31–32: 910.Google Scholar
Sokolova, Z. P. 1962. Zametki ob Evenkakh Basseyna Keti. Sibirskiy Etnograficheskiy Sbornik 4: 165–75.Google Scholar
Solov'ev, T. P. 1934. Molochnoe olenevodstvo v Tofalarii. Sovetskoe Olenevodstvo 4: 6172.Google Scholar
Solov'ev, T. P. 1932. Olenevodstvo Khatango-Anabarskogo rayona. Sbornik po Olenevodstvu, Tundrovoy Veterinarii izootekhnike, M.: Izd-vo “Vlasf Sovetov”, 175–84.Google Scholar
Strakach, Yu. B. 1962. Evenkiysko-russkaya promyslovaya artel' ‘Pobeda’. Sibirskiy Etnograficheskiy Sbornik 4: 122–36.Google Scholar
Tsingovatov, V. A. 1940. Ob ispol'zovanii severnogo olenya v kachestve molochnogo zhivotnogo. Trudy Omskogo veterinarnogo instituta 12.Google Scholar
Tsingovatov, V. A. 19281929. Nekotorye dannyeosostave i svoistvakh moloka severnogo olenya (R. tarandus), Trudy Sibirskogo Veterinarnogo Instituta 10: 397406.Google Scholar
Tugolukov, V. A. 1980. Idushie poperek khrebtov. Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarskoe Khizhnoe izdatel'stro.Google Scholar
Tugolukov, V. A. 1963. The Vitim-Olekma Evenki. Soviet Anthropology and Archeology 2(2): 1540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ustretskiy, S. 1932. Olenevodstvo Khatangskogo rayona. Sbornik po Lenevodstvu, Tundrovoy Veterinarii i Zootekhnike, M.: Izd-vo “Vlasf Sovetov”,: 159–90.Google Scholar
Vainshtein, S. 1980. Nomads of South Siberia. The pastoral economies of Tuva. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Vasilevich, G. M. 1926. Na Nizhney Tunkuske. SevernayaAzia 5–6: 150–57.Google Scholar
Vasilevich, G. M. 1930. Tokminskie tungusy. Sovetskiy Sever 1930 (5): 2738.Google Scholar
Vasilevich, G. M. 1969. Evenki. Istoriko-etnograficheskie ocherki (XVIII-nachalo XX v.). Leningrad, Nauka.Google Scholar
Vasilevich, G. M. and Levin, M. G. 1951. Tipy olenevodstva i ikh proiskhozhdenie. Sovetskaya Etnografiya 1951(1): 6387.Google Scholar
Zabrodin, V. A. (editor). 1979. Severnoe Olenevodstvo. Moscow, Kolos.Google Scholar