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The structure of celluloses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 February 2012

Masahisa Wada ,
Yoshiharu Nishiyama ,
Henri Chanzy ,
Trevor Forsyth  and
Paul Langan
Masahisa Wada
Affiliation:
Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Yoshiharu Nishiyama
Affiliation:
Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales-CNRS, affiliated with the Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
Henri Chanzy
Affiliation:
Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales-CNRS, affiliated with the Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
Trevor Forsyth
Affiliation:
Institute Laue-Langevin, Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, Franceand School of Chemistry and Physics, Lennard Jones Lab, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
Paul Langan*
Affiliation:
Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 and Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 53606
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: langan.paul@lanl.gov
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Abstract

X-ray and neutron fiber diffraction has been used to study cellulose as it is converted from its naturally occurring crystal phase, cellulose I, to an activated crystal phase, cellulose IIII, by ammonia treatment. The detailed crystal structures determined for cellulose Iβ, an intermediate ammonia-cellulose I complex, and cellulose IIII, reveal a structural transition pathway: hydrogen bonded sheets of chains in cellulose Iβ slip with respect to each other to accommodate the penetrating ammonia guest molecules in the intermediate complex. On evaporation of ammonia from the intermediate complex, there is a relative small change in chain packing as an inter-sheet ammonia bridge is replaced by an inter-sheet hydrogen bond in cellulose IIII. When cellulose IIII is heated it converts back to cellulose Iβ. Both ammonia-cellulose I and cellulose IIII have extended chains of cooperative hydrogen bonds in relatively open crystal structures that may add to their susceptibility to rapid change.

Keywords

cellulosehydrogen bondneutron crystallographyX-ray crystallographyfiber

Information

Type
X-Ray Diffraction
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , June 2008 , pp. 92 - 95
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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