Hostname: page-component-54dcc4c588-nx7b4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-06T21:48:59.584Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An Eye-Tracking Study to Identify the Most Observed Features in a Physical Prototype of a Tiny House

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2022

A. Berni ,
S. Altavilla ,
L. Ruiz-Pastor ,
C. Nezzi  and
Y. Borgianni
A. Berni
Affiliation:
Free University of Bozen|Bolzano, Italy
S. Altavilla
Affiliation:
Free University of Bozen|Bolzano, Italy
L. Ruiz-Pastor
Affiliation:
Free University of Bozen|Bolzano, Italy
C. Nezzi
Affiliation:
Free University of Bozen|Bolzano, Italy
Y. Borgianni*
Affiliation:
Free University of Bozen|Bolzano, Italy
*
yuri.borgianni@unibz.it

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This exploratory work aims to understand which elements of a building mostly attract visitors’ attention. An experiment was conducted to allow participants to visit a prototype tiny house while wearing eye-tracking glasses. Identified gazed elements of the prototype were selected and the corresponding dwell times used as variables. The limited dwell times on structural elements show that they can be easily overshadowed by other features present in the building. This leads to a design problem when the novelty and the quality of a new product, markedly a building, reside in the materials used.

Keywords

human-centred designinteraction designarchitectural designeye tracking

Information

Type
Article
Information
Proceedings of the Design Society , Volume 2: DESIGN2022 , May 2022 , pp. 841 - 850
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2022.

References

Albright, T. D., Gepshtein, S., and Macagno, E. (2020), “Visual Neuroscience for Architecture: Seeking a New Evidence-Based Approach to Design”, Architectural Design, Vol. 90 No. 6, pp. 110–117. 10.1002/ad.2639Google Scholar
Borgianni, Y., and Maccioni, L. (2020), “Review of the use of neurophysiological and biometric measures in experimental design research”, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing. Cambridge University Press (AI EDAM), Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 248–285. 10.1017/S0890060420000062Google Scholar
Cho, J. Y., and Suh, J. (2020), “Spatial Color Efficacy in Perceived Luxury and Preference to Stay: An Eye-Tracking Study of Retail Interior Environment”, Frontiers in psychology, Vol. 11, p. 296. 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00296CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suárez, De la Fuente, A, L.. (2020), “Subjective experience and visual attention to a historic building: A real-world eye-tracking study”, Frontiers of Architectural Research, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 774–804. 10.1016/j.foar.2020.07.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ding, N. (2020), “The effectiveness of evacuation signs in buildings based on eye tracking experiment”, Natural Hazards, Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 1201–1218. 10.1007/s11069-020-04030-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djamasbi, S., Siegel, M., and Tullis, T. (2011), “Visual hierarchy and viewing behavior: An eye tracking study”, In 14th International Conference, HCI International 2011, Orlando, FL, USA, July 9-14, 2011, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 331–340. 10.1007/978-3-642-21602-2_36Google Scholar
Dupont, L., Antrop, M., and Van Eetvelde, V. (2014), “Eye-tracking analysis in landscape perception research: Influence of photograph properties and landscape characteristics”, Landscape research, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 417–432. 10.1080/01426397.2013.773966CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fotios, S., Dong, M., Yang, B., and Lin, Y. (2014), “Interpersonal judgements, lamp spectrum and task difficulty”, In Proceedings of CIE 2014 Lighting Quality & Energy Efficiency, 23-26 April 2014, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 357–366.Google Scholar
Hermund, A., Klint, L., and Bundgård, T. S. (2018), “BIM with VR for architectural simulations: building information models in virtual reality as an architectural and urban designtool”, In ACE 2018 Singapore: ACE 2018 - Global Science and Technology Forum, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore May 14 - 15 2018, pp. 378–385.Google Scholar
Hollander, J. B., Purdy, A., Wiley, A., Foster, V., Jacob, R. J., Taylor, H. A., and Brunyé, T. T. (2018), “Seeing the city: Using eye-tracking technology to explore cognitive responses to the built environment”, Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 156–171. 10.1080/17549175.2018.1531908Google Scholar
Karaca, F., Guney, M., Kumisbek, A., Kaskina, D., and Tokbolat, S. (2020), “A new stakeholder opinion-based rapid sustainability assessment method (RSAM) for existing residential buildings”, Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 60, pp. 102155. 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiefer, P., Giannopoulos, I., and Raubal, M. (2014), “Where am I? Investigating map matching during self-localization with mobile eye tracking in an urban environment”, Transactions in GIS, Vol. 18, No.5, pp. 660–686. 10.1111/tgis.12067CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, N., and Lee, H. (2020), “Evaluating visual perception by tracking eye movement in architectural space during virtual reality experiences”, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies: Future Applications (IHIET – AI 2020), April 23-25, 2020, Lausanne, Switzerland, Vol., 1152, pp. 302–308, Springer, Cham. 10.1007/978-3-030-44267-5_45Google Scholar
Li, Z., Sun, X., Zhao, S., and Zuo, H. (2021), “Integrating eye-movement analysis and the semantic differential method to analyze the visual effect of a traditional commercial block in Hefei, China”, Frontiers of Architectural Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 317–331. 10.1016/j.foar.2021.01.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lisińska-Kuśnierz, M., and Krupa, M. (2020), “Suitability of eye tracking in assessing the visual perception of architecture—A case study concerning selected projects located in Cologne”, Buildings, Vol. 10, No. 2, p. 20. 10.3390/buildings10020020Google Scholar
Lohmeyer, Q., Matthiesen, S., and Meboldt, M. (2014). “Task-dependent Visual Behaviour of Engineering Designers-an Eye Tracking Experiment”, In DS 77: Proceedings of the DESIGN 2014 13th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 19 - 22, 2014, The Design Society, Glasgow, pp. 549–558.Google Scholar
Marius't Hart, B., and Einhäuser, W. (2012), “Mind the step: complementary effects of an implicit task on eye and head movements in real-life gaze allocation”, Experimental brain research, Vol. 223 No. 2, pp. 233–249. 10.1007/s00221-012-3254-xGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mohammadpour, A., Karan, E., Asadi, S., and Rothrock, L. (2015), “Measuring end-user satisfaction in the design of building projects using eye-tracking technology”, In 2015 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering, IWCCE 2015 - Austin, United States, June 21- 23 2015, pp. 564–571, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). 10.1061/9780784479247.070Google Scholar
Noland, R. B., Weiner, M. D., Gao, D., Cook, M. P., and Nelessen, A. (2017), “Eye-tracking technology, visual preference surveys, and urban design: preliminary evidence of an effective methodology”, Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 98–110. 10.1080/17549175.2016.1187197Google Scholar
Pelowski, M., Leder, H., Mitschke, V., Specker, E., Gerger, G., Tinio, P. P., and Husslein-Arco, A. (2018), “Capturing aesthetic experiences with installation art: an empirical assessment of emotion, evaluations, and mobile eye tracking in Olafur Eliasson's “Baroque, Baroque!”, Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 9, p. 1255. 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01255CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rupi, F., and Krizek, K. J. (2019), “Visual eye gaze while cycling: Analyzing eye tracking at signalized intersections in urban conditions”, Sustainability, Vol. 11, No. 21, pp. 6089. 10.3390/su11216089Google Scholar
Sayegh, A., Andreani, S., Li, L., Rudin, J., and Yan, X. (2015), “A new method for urban spatial analysis: measuring gaze, attention, and memory in the built environment”, In Proceedings of the 1st International ACM SIGSPATIAL Workshop on Smart Cities and Urban Analytics UrbanGIS'15, Bellevue, WA, USA November 03-06 2015, pp. 42–46. 10.1145/2835022.2835030Google Scholar
Schrom-Feiertag, H., Settgast, V., and Seer, S. (2017), “Evaluation of indoor guidance systems using eye tracking in an immersive virtual environment”, Spatial Cognition & Computation, Vol. 17, No. 1-2, pp. 163–183. 10.1080/13875868.2016.1228654Google Scholar
She, J., and MacDonald, E. F. (2018). “Exploring the effects of a product's sustainability triggers on pro-environmental decision-making”, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 140, No. 1, p. 011102. 10.1115/1.4038252Google Scholar
Simpson, J., Freeth, M., Simpson, K. J., and Thwaites, K. (2019), “Visual engagement with urban street edges: insights using mobile eye-tracking”, Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 259–278. 10.1080/17549175.2018.1552884Google Scholar
Song, S. S., Wan, Q., and Wang, G. G. (2016), “Eye movement evaluation of different wood interior decoration space”, Wood Research, Vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 831–843.Google Scholar
Stephane, A. L. (2017), “Eye tracking from a human factors perspective”, In The Handbook of Human-Machine Interaction, pp. 339–364.Google Scholar
Sussman, A., and Ward, J. (2019), “Eye-tracking Boston City Hall to better understand human perception and the architectural experience”, New design ideas, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 53–59.Google Scholar
Tatler, B. W., Macdonald, R. G., Hamling, T., and Richardson, C. (2016), “Looking at domestic textiles: an eye-tracking experiment analysing influences on viewing behaviour at Owlpen Manor”, Textile history, Vol.47, No. 1, pp. 94–118. 10.1080/00404969.2016.1144865CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuszynska-Bogucka, W., Kwiatkowski, B., Chmielewska, M., Dzienkowski, M., Kocki, W., Pelka, J., and Galkowski, …, D. (2020), “The effects of interior design on wellness–Eye tracking analysis in determining emotional experience of architectural space. A survey on a group of volunteers from the Lublin Region, Eastern Poland”, Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 113–122. 10.26444/aaem/106233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, L. M., Zhang, R. X., Jeng, T. S., and Zeng, Z. Y. (2019), “Cityscape protection using VR and eye tracking technology”, Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, Vol. 64, p. 102639. 10.1016/j.jvcir.2019.102639Google Scholar
Zou, Z., Ergan, S. (2019), “Where Do We Look? An Eye-Tracking Study of Architectural Features in Building Design”, In: Mutis, I., Hartmann, T. (eds) Advances in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering. pp. 439–446, Springer, Cham. 10.1007/978-3-030-00220-6_52Google Scholar