Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-15T14:47:07.878Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Principles for the design of system of systems exemplified using modularisation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2024

Matthias Günther*
Affiliation:
Fraunhofer IEM, Germany
Tobias Seidenberg
Affiliation:
Fraunhofer IEM, Germany
Harald Anacker
Affiliation:
Fraunhofer IEM, Germany
Roman Dumitrescu
Affiliation:
Fraunhofer IEM, Germany Heinz Nixdorf Institute, Paderborn University, Germany

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In the context of system of systems (SoS) engineering, the incorporation of design principles is critical to guide the engineering process. This paper presents a systematic literature review to synthesize a list of principles tailored for SoS. 26 principles were identified as generic principles and 39 were mapped to the specific challenges in SoS engineering. Through an evaluation using the principle of modularisation in the design of a charging infrastructure, the study offers insights into the real-world effectiveness of these principles, showing their relevance in SoS engineering tasks.

Type
Systems Engineering and Design
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2024.

References

Abbott, R. (2006), “Open at the Top; Open at the Bottom; and Continually (but Slowly) Evolving”, April 24-26, 2006, Los Angeles, California, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/SYSOSE.2006.1652271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, K.M. (2011), “Systems principles: foundation for the SoSE methodology”, International Journal of System of Systems Engineering, Vol. 2 No. 2/3, p. 120. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSE.2011.040550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hevner, Alan R., March, Salvatore T., Park, Jinsoo and Ram, Sudha (2004), “Design Science in Information Systems Research”. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anacker, H., Guenther, M., Wyrwich, F. and Dumitrescu, R. (2022), “Pattern based engineering of System of Systems - a systematic literature review”, in 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference (SOSE), 07.06.2022 - 11.06.2022, Rochester, NY, USA, IEEE, pp. 178183. https://doi.org/10.1109/SOSE55472.2022.9812697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azani, C.H. (2008), “System of Systems Architecting via Natural Development Principles”, 2 - 4 June 2008, Monterey, California, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/SYSOSE.2008.4724137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, C.Y. and Clark, K.B. (2006), “Modularity in the Design of Complex Engineering Systems”, in Braha, D., Minai, A.A. and Bar-Yam, Y. (Eds.), Complex Engineered Systems, Understanding Complex Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 175205. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32834-3_9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balzert, H. (2011), Lehrbuch der Softwaretechnik: Entwurf, Implementierung, Installation und Betrieb, Lehrbücher der Informatik, 3. Aufl., Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2246-0.Google Scholar
Boardman, J. and Sauser, B. (2006), “System of Systems - the meaning of of”, April 24-26, 2006, Los Angeles, California, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/SYSOSE.2006.1652284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Böhm, W., Broy, M., Klein, C., Pohl, K., Rumpe, B. and Schröck, S. (2021), Model-Based Engineering of Collaborative Embedded Systems, Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62136-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, T.-M. (2016), “Managing service supply chains in the big data era: A system of systems perspective”, in Choi, T.-M. (Ed.), Service supply chain systems: A systems engineering approach, Communications in cybernetics, systems science and engineering, First edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahmann, J., Rebovich, G., Lane, J., Lowry, R. and Baldwin, K. (2011), “An implementers' view of systems engineering for systems of systems”, in IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon), 04.04.2011 - 07.04.2011, Montreal, QC, Canada, IEEE, pp. 212217. https://doi.org/10.1109/SYSCON.2011.5929039.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, A.M. (1994), “Fifteen principles of software engineering”, IEEE Software, Vol. 11 No. 6, pp. 9496. https://doi.org/10.1109/52.329409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dumitrescu, R., Albers, A., Riedel, O., Stark, R. and Gausemeier, J. (2021), Engineering in Deutschland - Status quo in Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft, Ein Beitrag zum Advanced Systems Engineering, Paderborn.Google Scholar
Feldhusen, J. and Grote, K.-H. (2013), Pahl/Beitz Konstruktionslehre, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29569-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorod, A., Sauser, B. and Boardman, J. (2008), “System-of-Systems Engineering Management: A Review of Modern History and a Path Forward”, IEEE Systems Journal, Vol. 2 No. 4, pp. 484499. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2008.2007163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hester, P.T. (2012), “Why optimisation of a system of systems is both unattainable and unnecessary”, International Journal of System of Systems Engineering, Vol. 3 No. 3/4, p. 268. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSE.2012.052691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, J.C., Price, M., Clymer, J., Garcia-jr, J. and Gonzalez, E. (2009), “Agent-Based Modeling the Emergent Behavior of A System-of-Systems”, in INCOSE International Symposium, 19th ed. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2009.tb01036.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
INCOSE, (2021), Systems Engineering Vision 2035, available at: https://www.incose.org/about-systems-engineering/se-vision-2035.Google Scholar
ISO/IEC/IEEE (2019), ISO/IEC/IEEE 21841:2019: Systems and software engineering - Taxonomy of systems of systems No. 21841.Google Scholar
Jamshidi, M. (2008), “System of systems engineering - New challenges for the 21st century”, in IEEE A&E Systems Magazine.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamshidi, M. (2017), Systems of Systems Engineering, CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420065893.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, J. and van Vliet, H. (2013), “A Systematic Review of System-of-Systems Architecture Research”, in Proceedings of the 9th international ACM Sigsoft conference on Quality of software architectures. https://doi.org/10.1145/2465478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kossmann, M., Samhan, A., Odeh, M., Qaddoumi, E., Tbakhi, A. and Watts, S. (2020), “Extending the scope of configuration management for the development and life cycle support of systems of systems—An ontology-driven framework applied to the Enceladus Submarine Exploration Lander”, Systems Engineering, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 366391. https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maier, M.W. (1998), “Architecting Principles for Systems-of-Systems”, INCOSE International Symposium, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 565573. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.1996.tb02054.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meentemeyer, S.M., Sauser, B. and Boardman, J. (2009), “Analysing a system of systems characterisation to define system of systems engineering practices”, International Journal of System of Systems Engineering, Vol. 1 No. 3, p. 329. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSE.2009.029908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rousseau, D. (2018), “On the Architecture of Systemology and the Typology of Its Principles”, Systems, Vol. 6 No. 1, p. 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems6010007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sage, A.P. and Biemer, S.M. (2007), “Processes for System Family Architecting, Design, and Integration”, IEEE Systems Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 516. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2007.900240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seidenberg, T., Disselkamp, J.-P., Jürgenhake, C., Anacker, H., Dumitrescu, R. and Papanikolaou, A. (2023), “Platform approach for modularising battery electric fast ferries”, Proceedings of the Design Society, Vol. 3, pp. 29052914. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selberg, S.A. and Austin, M.A. (2008), “Toward an Evolutionary System of Systems Architecture”, INCOSE International Symposium, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 10651078. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2008.tb00863.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheard, S.A. and Mostashari, A. (2009), “Principles of Complex Systems for Systems Engineering”, in Systems Engineering, 4th ed. https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.20124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uday, P. and Marais, K. (2015), “Designing Resilient Systems-of-Systems: A Survey of Metrics, Methods, and Challenges”, in Systems Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, J. and Watson, R.T. (2002), “Analyzing the Past to Prepare for the Future: Writing a Literature Review”.Google Scholar
White, B.E. and Jean, P.N. (2011), “Case study in system of systems engineering: NASA's Advanced Communications Technology Satellite”, in 2011 6th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, 27.06.2011 - 30.06.2011, Albuquerque, NM, USA, IEEE, pp. 237244. https://doi.org/10.1109/SYSOSE.2011.5966604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, Y. and Watson, M. (2019), “Guidance on Conducting a Systematic Literature Review”, in Journal of Planning Education and Research, pp. 93112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X177239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar