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Executive deficits in schizophrenia: mediation by processing speed and its relationships with aging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 August 2020

Flavien Thuaire Open the ORCID record for Flavien Thuaire [Opens in a new window] ,
Fabien Rondepierre ,
Guillaume T. Vallet ,
Isabelle Jalenques  and
Marie Izaute
Flavien Thuaire
Affiliation:
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, 34 avenue Carnot – TSA 60401–63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Fabien Rondepierre
Affiliation:
Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte A et Psychologie Médicale, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Guillaume T. Vallet
Affiliation:
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, 34 avenue Carnot – TSA 60401–63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Isabelle Jalenques
Affiliation:
Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte A et Psychologie Médicale, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Institut de Psychiatrie-GDR 3557, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Marie Izaute*
Affiliation:
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, 34 avenue Carnot – TSA 60401–63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
*
Author for correspondence: Marie Izaute, E-mail: marie.izaute@uca.fr
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Abstract

Background

Executive deficits are a core characteristic of schizophrenia. Yet, the origin of these impairments remains unclear as they may be caused by processing slowing. This issue is of particular interest for aging insofar as cognitive aging is also associated with a decline in executive functioning and a slowing of processing speed. As schizophrenia patients’ life expectancy increases, a better understanding of the origin of older patients’ cognitive deficits becomes essential so that healthcare can be adapted to suit them. This study aims to determine whether processing speed mediates how schizophrenia affects executive functions and whether these relationships are moderated by age.

Methods

Sixty-two schizophrenia patients (27 women) and 62 healthy comparison subjects matched for age (range: 18–76 years), gender and education performed neurocognitive tests to evaluate their executive functions (shifting, updating, inhibition and access) and processing speed.

Results

Processing speed mediated the effect of schizophrenia on the four specific executive functions, and age moderated this mediation for shifting, updating and access, but in different ways. Age moderated the effect of processing speed on shifting, the direct effect of schizophrenia on access, and both the effect of processing speed and the direct effect of schizophrenia on updating.

Conclusions

This research highlights the need to evaluate processing speed routinely during therapeutic follow-up, as it is easy and simple to assess and appears to be at the heart of the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Finally, processing speed abilities yield information about the evolution of cognition with aging in schizophrenia.

Keywords

Adulthoodagingexecutive functionsMiyake's modelprocessing speedschizophrenia
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 52 , Issue 6 , April 2022 , pp. 1126 - 1134
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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