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Extensive brain structural network abnormality in first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia: morphometrical and covariation study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2014

Z. Chen ,
W. Deng ,
Q. Gong ,
C. Huang ,
L. Jiang ,
M. Li ,
Z. He ,
Q. Wang ,
X. Ma  and
Y. Wang
...Show all authors
Z. Chen
Affiliation:
The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Medical Faculty of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
W. Deng
Affiliation:
The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Q. Gong
Affiliation:
Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
C. Huang
Affiliation:
The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
L. Jiang
Affiliation:
The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
M. Li
Affiliation:
The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Z. He
Affiliation:
The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Q. Wang
Affiliation:
The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
X. Ma
Affiliation:
The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Y. Wang
Affiliation:
The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
S. E. Chua
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, S.A.R. China
G. M. McAlonan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, S.A.R. China
P. C. Sham
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, S.A.R. China
D. A. Collier
Affiliation:
MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
P. McGuire
Affiliation:
Division of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Section of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
T. Li*
Affiliation:
The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
*
*Address for correspondence: Professor T. Li, M.D., Ph.D., Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China. (Email: xuntao26@hotmail.com)
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Abstract

Background

Alterations in gray matter (GM) are commonly observed in schizophrenia. Accumulating studies suggest that the brain changes associated with schizophrenia are distributed rather than focal, involving interconnected networks of areas as opposed to single regions. In the current study we aimed to explore GM volume (GMV) changes in a relatively large sample of treatment-naive first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and covariation analysis.

Method

High-resolution T1-weighted images were obtained using 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 86 first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia and 86 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Symptom severity was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). GMV was assessed using optimized VBM and in 16 regions of interest (ROIs), selected on the basis of a previous meta-analysis. The relationships between GMVs in the ROIs were examined using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results

The VBM analysis revealed that first-episode patients showed reduced GMV in the hippocampus bilaterally. The ROI analysis identified reductions in GMV in the left inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral hippocampus and right thalamus. The ANCOVA revealed different patterns of regional GMV correlations in patients and controls, including of inter- and intra-insula, inter-amygdala and insula–postcentral gyrus connections.

Conclusions

Schizophrenia involves regional reductions in GMV and changes in GMV covariance in the insula, amygdala and postcentral gyrus. These findings were evident at the onset of the disorder, before treatment, and therefore cannot be attributable to the effects of chronic illness progression or medication.

Keywords

Connectivityfirst episodemagnetic resonance imagingnetworkschizophreniavoxel-based morphometry
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 44 , Issue 12 , September 2014 , pp. 2489 - 2501
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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