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Higher emotion regulation flexibility predicts more stable negative emotions and faster affective recovery in early psychosis: an experience sampling study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2024

Xu Li Open the ORCID record for Xu Li [Opens in a new window] ,
Thomas Vaessen Open the ORCID record for Thomas Vaessen [Opens in a new window] ,
Ginette Lafit Open the ORCID record for Ginette Lafit [Opens in a new window] ,
Evelyne van Aubel Open the ORCID record for Evelyne van Aubel [Opens in a new window] ,
Anu P. Hiekkaranta Open the ORCID record for Anu P. Hiekkaranta [Opens in a new window] ,
Marlies Houben Open the ORCID record for Marlies Houben [Opens in a new window] ,
Annelie Beijer-Klippel Open the ORCID record for Annelie Beijer-Klippel [Opens in a new window] ,
Lieuwe de Haan Open the ORCID record for Lieuwe de Haan [Opens in a new window] ,
Frederike Schirmbeck Open the ORCID record for Frederike Schirmbeck [Opens in a new window]  and
Ulrich Reininghaus Open the ORCID record for Ulrich Reininghaus [Opens in a new window]
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Xu Li
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
Thomas Vaessen
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium Department of Psychology, Center for eHealth and Well-being Research, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Twente, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
Ginette Lafit
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
Evelyne van Aubel
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
Anu P. Hiekkaranta
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
Marlies Houben
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
Annelie Beijer-Klippel
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 GT, The Netherlands Faculty of Psychology, Department of Lifespan Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, 6419 AT, The Netherlands
Lieuwe de Haan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
Frederike Schirmbeck
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
Ulrich Reininghaus
Affiliation:
Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany Health Service and Population Research Department, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health and Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
Inez Myin-Germeys*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
*
Corresponding author: Inez Myin-Germeys; Email: inez.germeys@kuleuven.be
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Abstract

Background

While evidence shows that people with early psychosis are flexible in using different emotion regulation (ER) strategies to manage the varying contextual demands, no studies have examined the effectiveness of such regulatory flexibility in this population. We addressed this issue by investigating whether and how ER flexibility relate to different dynamic aspects (variability, instability, inertia, and recovery) of negative affect (NA) in a combined early psychosis sample, consisting of both individuals at high clinical risk for psychosis and those diagnosed with first-episode psychosis.

Methods

Participants were 148 individuals from the INTERACT project, a multi-center randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy in early psychosis. We utilized data from the baseline assessment, during which all participants completed six days of experience sampling assessment of momentary NA, as well as end-of-day assessments of ER strategy use.

Results

Multilevel models of within-person associations showed that greater ER flexibility was associated with more stable NA, and quicker recovery of NA from stressors during the day. Linear regression analyses of between-person associations showed that people who had more variable and unstable NA reported greater ER flexibility generally. No evidence was found for associations with NA inertia.

Conclusions

The current study identified unique within-person and between-person links between ER flexibility and dynamics of NA in early psychosis. These findings further provide evidence for ER flexibility in early psychosis, emphasizing the adaptive nature of regulatory flexibility in relation to reduced instability in NA and faster recovery from NA in everyday life.

Keywords

affective recoveryemotional inertiaemotional instabilityemotional variabilityemotion regulation flexibility
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , First View , pp. 1 - 10
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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